User:CWH/List of treaties China 1689-1949

List of treaties China 1689-1949 The treaty as a legal document in international law can describe either a specific international instrument or a general category of such instruments of agreement. This list includes both formal treaties and other agreements between the Qing dynasty or the Republic of China and other nations.

List

● 1689 1689 [Sep. 7] Treaty of Nerchinsk [Nibuchu] limited acknowledgment of legitimacy of external interests Feodor A. Golovin, So-e-tu, Tong Guogang, A-er-ni, Ma-qi, Ma-la [Gerbillon, Pereira] Mancall: 141ff -limitations on tribute conventions

● 1727 [Oct. 21] Treaty of Kiakhta [Haketu] ∙ further definition of frontier∙ regularization of Siberian frontier trade ∙ permission for regular, limited presence in Beijing Sava L. Vladislavich Lorents Lange Te-gu-te, Tu-li-shen, Cha-bi-na Mancall: 236ff

● 1841 [Jan. 20] Chuenpi Convention [repudiated by both sides] Capt. Charles Elliott Qi-shan Morse I: 271ff 1842 1842 [Aug. 29] Treaty of Nanking [Nanjing] • recog. of intercourse outside tribute system Sir Henry Pottinger Qi-ying Yi-li-bu Morse I: 272ff,288, 297,298ff MacNair I: 166ff - access to new, specified trading centers - cession of territory [Hong Kong] - recognition of foreign consular authority - indemnity preceden

● 1843 [Oct. 8] Supplementary Treaty of Hu-men-chai [the "Bogue"] • restrictions on tariff autonomy -most-favored-nation concept Sir Henry Pottinger Qi-ying Morse I: 321ff

● 1844 [July 3] Treaty of Wang-hsia [Wangxia] • provision for treaty revision [12 years] Caleb Cushing Qi-ying Morse I: 322-30 -free employment of Chinese -right of entry of foreign warships

● 1844 [Oct. 24] Treaty of Whampoa [Huangpu] -recognition of community of interests of Western nations -strengthened extraterritoriality -recognition of foreign rulers as potentially equals [use of l‘Empereur des Francaise] Théodore de Lagrené Qi-ying Morse I: 331ff

● 1846 [Apr. 4] Guangzhou Convention

● 1847 1847 [Mar. 20] Sweden/Norway Treaty of Canton [Guangzhou] • recognition of commercial interests of lesser powers Frederick Liljevalch Qi-ying Morse I: 332

● 1847 Agreement concerning Guangzhou churches 1851 1851 [Aug. 6] Treaty of Kuldja [Ili] -recognition of Russian interests in "Western Regions" Igor P. Kovalevski I-Shan Morse I: 476 1858 1858 [May 28] Treaty of Aigun [not ratified] Count Nik. Muraviev Yi-shan Morse I: 477

● 1858 [June 13] Treaty of Tientsin [Tianjin] Count Putiatin Gui-liang Hua-sha-na [Qi-ying] Morse I: 479ff,525

● 1858 [June 18] Treaty of Tientsin [Tianjin] William B. Reed Gui-liang Hua-sha-na

● 1858 [June 26] Treaty of Tientsin [Tianjin] • enforced compliance with existing treaty provisions Lord Elgin Gui-liang Hua-sha-na -strengthened demands for equality -concept of permanent embassies -free access by warships

● 1858 [June 27] Treaty of Tientsin [Tianjin] Baron J.B. Gros Gui-liang Hua-sha-na 1860 1860 [Oct. 24] Peking [Beijing] Convention • resident embassies Lord Elgin Prince Gong Morse I: 612 1860 [Oct. 25] Peking [Beijing] Convention Baron J.B. Gros Prince Gong

● 1860 [Nov. 14] Peking [Beijing] Convention -loss of territory between Ussuri and sea ["Maritime Province"] Gen. Nikolai Ignatiev Prince Gong Morse I: 613

● 1861 [Sep. 2] Treaty with Germany Graf Eulenberg Chong-lun Chong-hou

● 1863 [July 13] Treaty with Denmark Col. W. von Raaslöff

● 1868 [July 28] Supplementary [Burlingame] Treaty -reciprocity • freedom to emigrate Wm. Seward Anson Burlingame [for China] Morse II: 185ff

● 1869 [Oct. 23] Alcock Convention [not ratified] Sir Rutherford Alcock Prince Gong Wen-xiang, Bao-jun, Dong Xun, Tang Tingxiang, Chong-lun Morse II: 204ff

● 1871 [Sep. 13] Treaty of Tientsin [Tianjin] -recognition of equality [first for neighbouring country within "East Asian cultural sphere"] -no most-favored-nation or extraterri- toriality arrangements Date Muneki Li Hongzhang

● 1874 [ French Treaty of Saigon [w/ King of Annam] -declaration of French sovereignty over Cochin-China [southern Vietnam] -French recognition of full "independence" of Annam from all foreign powers, granting of French "protection"

● 1874 [Oct. 31] Instrument settling Ryukyu- Taiwan affair -implicit recognition of Japan's claims to Ryukyu's Okubo Prince Gong Morse II: 270ff

● 1876 [Feb 24] Treaty of Kanghwa [Japan-Korea] -declaration of Korea's independence

● 1876 [Sep. 13] Chefoo [Zhifu] Convention [ratified 1885] -opening of southwest frontier trade -sending of mission of apology [Margary] -code of diplomatic etiquette -territorial definition of foreign concessions -successful rejection of specific dem Thomas Wade Li Hongzhang Morse II: 283ff

● 1879 [Oct. 2] Treaty of Livadia [repudiated by China]

● 1880 [Mar. 31] Supplementary Convention with Germany • agreement that privileges claimed on strength of most -favored-nation principle came with original treaty conditions intact

● 1880 [Nov. 17] Supplementary Treaty -prohibition of opium trade [by Americans]

1881 [Feb. 24] Treaty of St. Petersburg -regaining of control over much of Ili and Muzart Pass controlling land route into northern Xinjiang, in return for indemnity of 9m metallic roubles Nikolai de Giers Eugène de Butzow Zeng Jize

● 1884 [ French- Annamese Treaty -France assumes “protection” of over “independent” Annam

● 1885 [Apr. 18] Li-Ito Convention -recognition of Japan's "interests" in Korea [withdrawal of Qing troops; intervention only with notification to Japan] Ito Hakubun Li Hongzhang

● 1885 [June 9] Treaty of Tientsin [ • recognition of French sovereignty over Annam

● 1886 [July 24] Convention concerning Burma & Tibet -recognition of British annexation of Burma [though "decennial" missions might be continued] -agreement that China would not be pressed to open Tibet

● 1886 [Apr. 25] Convention of Tianjin • rules governing Tonkin trade extend implications of recognition

● 1887 [Dec. 1] Sino-Port. Treaty of Lisbon • formal cession of Macao

● 1887 [June 26] Convention of Beijing • definition of Tonkin borders

● 1887 [June 26] Additional Commercial Convention

● 1890 [Mar. 17] Sikkim- Tibet Convention [w/China] • recognition of British control over Sikkim - definition of Sikkim-Tibet boundary

● 1890 Treaty of Chongqing

● 1894 [Mar. 17] Treaty on Emigration

● 1895 [Apr. 17] Treaty of Shimonoseki Ito Hakubun Mutsu Munemitsu Li Hongzhang Li Jingfang

● 1895 [June 20] Additional Commercial Articles 1895 [June 20] Additional Indochina border articles

● 1896 [Sep. 8] Treaty of Alliance [secret] • Russian support against Japanese expansion on continent - granting of right to build Chinese Eastern Railway through Manchuria

● 1898 [Mar. 6] Treaty with Germany conc. Kiaochow Bay

● 1898 [Mar. 27] Treaty conc. Luta [Luda]

● 1898 [July 6] Treaty on South Manchurian Railway

● 1898 [June 9] Convention on Hong Kong

● 1901 [Sep. 7] Boxer Protocol Boxer Protocol Boxer Protocol Boxer Protocol Boxer Protocol Germany & Austro- Hungary • access to the Emperor on demand, according to specified etiquette -banning of arms imports -foreign policing of Legation Quarter -forced destruction of specified defenses -stationing of for. troops at specified points

● 1902 [Apr. 8] Convention with Regard to Manchuria M. Paul Lessar Prince Qing Wang Wenshao

● 1903 [Oct. 8] Treaty of Shanghai

● 1904 [ Treaty on Tibet 1905 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth [Japan-Russia]

● 1906 [Apr. 27] Treaty on Tibet 1908 1908 [Apr. 20] Treaty on Tibet Trade

● 1911 [May 8] Treaty Concerning Opium 1915 1915

● 1919 Treaty of Versailles 1921 1921 9-Power Treaty

● 1924 [May 31] Agreement on General Principles...& 6 Declarations Lev M. Karakhan V.K. Wellington Koo Whiting: 208ff Whiting:

● 1928 Treaty Concerning Tariff Regulation

● 1943 Sino-British Treaty abolition of extraterritoriality -C. Y. Chao, "Chinese Diplomatic Practice and Treaty Relations," pp 58ff1943 Sino-American Treaty abolition of extraterritoriality -C. Y. Chao, "Chinese Diplomatic Practice and Treaty Relations," pp

● 1945 [Aug. 14] Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship Joseph Stalin T.V. Soong Tsou 1: 270ff1

● 1946 [Nov. 4] Sino-American Treaty of Commerce & Navigation John Leighton Stuart Robert Lacy Smyth Wang Shijie Wang Huazheng�•

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