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Drymonema
Drymonema is a genus of true jellyfish, placed in its own family, the Drymonematidae. There are three species of the genus Drymonema that are placed in this family. These species Drymonema dalmatinum, Drymonema gorgo, and Drymonema larsoni are found in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.[1]
| Scientific classification | |
|---|---|
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Scyphozoa |
| Order: | Semaeostomeae |
| Family: | DrymonematidaeBayha & Dawson, 2010 |
| Genus: | DrymonemaHaeckel, 1880 |
Species[edit]
- Drymonema dalmatinum Haeckel, 1880
- Drymonema gorgo F. Müller, 1883
- Drymonema larsoni Bayha & Dawson, 2010
Drymonema larsoni "Pink Meanie"[edit]
Drymonema larsoni is a species of the class of scyphozoan jelly fish within the genus Drymonema. This "true jellyfish" is found to have vicious blooms in the northern area of the Gulf of Mexico.[2] Drymonema larsoni get their name "pink meanie" from their predation and eating habits. The pink meanies were found to feed on the moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) in the northern section of the Gulf of Mexico.[2]
Drymonema dalmatinum "Stinging cauliflower" "Purple Sea Mane"[edit]
Drymonema dalmatinum is another species of the class of scyphozoan jelly fish within the genus Drymonema. This species is found in the central part of the Atlantic Ocean and along the Mediterranean Sea. The first ever recorded Drymonema dalmatinum was off the coast of the northern Alboran Sea.[3] The stinging cauliflower is a pale pink to golden brown coloration with a large number of clear tentacles, along with long/thin oral arms.[4] This species of Drymonema also feeds on species of moon jellyfish such as Aurelia sp. There have been sitings in Puerto Rico in1999 of this species of Drymonema, a population bloom of these so called "purple sea manes".[5]
Drymonema gorgo[edit]
Drymonema gorgo is another species of the class of scyphozoan jelly fish within the genus Drymonema. This species of "true jellyfish" is found in the western South Atlantic.
Morphology[6][edit]
- Allometric growth of the bell margin.
- Ring shaped zone of tentacles.
- Loss of gastric filaments with the development/ontogeny of an organism.
- Radial symmetry
- Lack a velum[7]
Reproduction[edit]
The reproduction of the genus Drymonema is similar to the reproduction of all Scyphozoans. These organisms can undergo both sexual (medusa) and asexual (polyp) reproduction processes. In the case of a medusa, sexual reproduction is external, where the males release the sperm while the females release eggs into the water and they fuse. This fusion results in free swimming planula larva that eventually sinks to the bottom or finds a hard surface to attach to. Once attached the planula larva starts metamorphosis and becomes a polyp. This polyp will reproduce asexually, most commonly using budding, and producing ephryae (larval stage of Drymonema once it has detached from the scyphistoma) which mature into a medusa to begin the life cycle process over again.[8] Scyphozoans and Drymonema species alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction stages.
Feeding[edit]
- Translucent tentacles used for grasping and feeding.
- Drymonema species eat an abundant amount of moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp.)
- Food ingested and waste excreted must come out of the same opening, (no digestive tract).
Taxonomy[9][edit]
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Drymonematidae
Genus: Drymonema
Species: Drymonema dalmatinum, Drymonema gorgo, and Drymonema larsoni
References[edit]
- ^ Keith M. Bayha & Michael N. Dawson (2010). "New family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton". The Biological Bulletin. 219 (3): 249–267. doi:10.1086/BBLv219n3p249. PMID 21183445. S2CID 25349180.
- ^ a b Bayha, Keith M.; Graham, William M.; Higgins III, John E.; Fletcher, Heather A. (2012), Purcell, Jennifer; Mianzan, Hermes; Frost, Jesscia R. (eds.), "Predation potential of the jellyfish Drymonema larsoni Bayha & Dawson (Scyphozoa: Drymonematidae) on the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. in the northern Gulf of Mexico", Jellyfish Blooms IV: Interactions with humans and fisheries, Developments in Hydrobiology, Springer Netherlands, pp. 189–197, doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5316-7_15, ISBN 9789400753167, retrieved 2019-02-26
- ^ Kienberger, Karen; Prieto, Laura (2018-9). "The first record of Drymonema dalmatinum from the northern Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean)". Marine Biodiversity. 48 (3): 1281–1282. doi:10.1007/s12526-016-0620-0. ISSN 1867-1616. S2CID 1621947.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Drymonema | Medusa". www.oceanography.ucy.ac.cy. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ Williams, E.H. (2001). "A population explosion of the rare tropical/subtropical purple sea mane, Drymonema dalmatinum, around Puerto Rico in the summer and fall of 1999" (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 37: 127–130.
- ^ Bayha, Keith M.; Dawson, MichaelN. (December 2010). "New Family of Allomorphic Jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), Emphasizes Evolution in the Functional Morphology and Trophic Ecology of Gelatinous Zooplankton". The Biological Bulletin. 219 (3): 249–267. doi:10.1086/bblv219n3p249. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21183445. S2CID 25349180.
- ^ "PHYLUM CNIDARIA: CLASS SCYPHOZOA".
- ^ Helm, Rebecca (2018). "Evolution and development of scyphozoan jellyfish". Biological Reviews. 93 (2): 1228–1250. doi:10.1111/brv.12393. PMID 29446223. S2CID 46743826.
- ^ "Taxonomic Hierarchy".
External links[edit]
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