User:Derlinus/List of international enclaves and exclaves
In political geography, an enclave is a territory completely surrounded by the territory of another political entity, and an exclave is a fragment which is geographically separated from its "parent" by surrounding "alien" territory. An entity may simultaneously be both an enclave and an exclave. A famous example is West Berlin, which was simultanously an East German enclave and a West German exclave.
Definition[edit]
Enclaves and exclaves may exist on any administrative level, such as city, county, state or national. This article will focus exclusively on country-level, or international, enclaves and exclaves.
While the definition of an enclave is clear cut, what constitutes an exclave is open to some interpretation, and various definitions exist. Under stricter definitions, an exclave can border only one country (which would exclude Nakhichevan), an exclave may not have sea access (which would exclude Alaska), or it may not have sea access and border more than one other country (which would exclude Kaliningrad).
This listing will include all relevant country fragments, and they will be differentiated and appropriately classified based upon their respective attributes (e.g. number of bordering countries, sea access etc).
The following apply:[edit]
- The definition of an exclave excludes non-integral parts of countries. For example, Gibraltar is a dependency and a non-integral part of the UK, hence not an exclave. However, French Guiana is an overseas department and an integral part of France, and therefore an exclave.
- Islands are not considered exclaves, unless completely surrounded by alien territorial waters.
- The section of a country that contains the Seat of Government is considered to be the "main land" of an entity. This principle leads to some unusual results, most notably for Equatorial Guinea (the capital Malabo is on the island of Bioko, not in the larger continental section of Río Muni, which is 100 km away) and Denmark (Copenhagen is located on the island of Zealand).
- This listing does not include any sub-national level entities, it only includes country-level fragments.
- Some enclaves are countries in their own right, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not exclaves.
Exclave/Enclave and country fragment classification[edit]
| Type | Name | Enclave | Exclave | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | True enclave | Yes | Yes | Areas that are simultanously an enclave and an exclave. | Llivia |
| B | Exclave | – | Yes | An exclave but not an enclave as the exclave is not enclaved within any single country's territory. | Nakhichevan |
| C | Enclaved country | Yes | – | A land-locked sovereign country, completely surrounded by one other state. | San Marino |
| D | Semi-enclave | As A, except the area is connected to its motherland in one single point. | Jungholz | ||
| E | Exclave with sea access | – | Yes | As A but having access to the sea. | Oecussi-Ambeno |
| F | Exclave with sea access | – | Yes | As B but having access to the sea. | Kaliningrad |
| G | – | – | – | As C but having access to the sea, and therefore neither an enclave or exclave. | Gambia |
| H | Pene-enclave | – | – | Regions that are enclaves for practical reasons, without meeting the strict definition. For instance, being contiguous with the motherland in terms of territorial waters or mountains but unreachable directly by land. Note: Category H includes situations similar to category E or F but where territorial waters are contiguous. | Northwest Angle |
| I | Island enclave | Yes | Yes | An island which is completely surrounded by alien territorial waters, and therefore an enclave and exclave. | Likoma Island |
List of international enclaves, exclaves and fragments[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Dhekelia power station area is divided in two by a British road, craeting one northern exclave/enclave and one southern exclave, as it has sea access.
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/vennbahn.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/sankova_medvezhe.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/azerbaijan.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/kyrgyzstan.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/tajikistan.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/tajikistan.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/uzbekistan.htm
- ^ Dhekelia power station area is divided in two by a British road, creating one northern exclave/enclave and one southern exclave, as it has sea access
- ^ The part of Famagusta District not controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. A de facto, though not de jure, exclave.
- ^ http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.com/~hughwallis/Baltics/Estonia.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/malawi.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/apipe.htm
- ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/islandmartingarcia.htm