User:GreatPowered/鲨鱼物种列表

鲨鱼是软骨鱼纲，板鳃亚纲，鲨总目所有物种的命名术语。板鳃亚纲也包括鳐总目；软骨鱼纲还包括全头亚纲下的银鲛目。第一批形似鲨鱼的软骨鱼于4.3亿年前出现在海洋^[1]，在早侏罗世演化为鲨鱼的冠群^[2]。

下表列举了鲨鱼的现存物种。鲨鱼分布在8个目约512种已被描述的物种和23种未被描述的物种中，目中的科和属均按照字母顺序列举。此外还包括一份将所有物种置于字母顺序的现场指南。

六鳃鲨、七鳃鲨和皱鳃鲨 (2 科)[edit]

目六鳃鲨目
- 科皱鳃鲨科 (皱鳃鲨)
  - 属 皱鳃鲨属 Garman, 1884
    - Chlamydoselachus africana Ebert & L. J. V. Compagno, 2009 (南非皱鳃鲨)
    - Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884 (皱鳃鲨)
- 科六鳃鲨科 (六鳃鲨、七鳃鲨)
  - 属 七鳃鲨属 Rafinesque, 1810
    - Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) (尖吻七鳃鲨)
  - 属 六鳃鲨属 Rafinesque, 1810
    - Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (灰六鳃鲨)
    - Hexanchus nakamurai Teng, 1962 (大眼六鳃鲨)
    - Hexanchus vitulus Springer and Waller, 1969 (大西洋六鳃鲨)
  - 属 哈那鲨属 Ayres, 1855
    - Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron, 1807) (扁头哈那鲨)

角鲨 (7 科)[edit]

目角鲨目
- 科 Centrophoridae (gulper sharks)
  - Genus Centrophorus J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
    - Centrophorus atromarginatus Garman, 1913 (dwarf gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus harrissoni McCulloch, 1915 (dumb gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus moluccensis Bleeker, 1860 (small-fin gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus seychellorum Baranes, 2003 (Seychelles gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (leaf-scale gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus tessellatus Garman, 1906 (mosaic gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus uyato (Rafinesque, 1810) (little gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus westraliensis W. T. White, Ebert & L. J. V. Compagno, 2008) (western gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus zeehaani W. T. White, Ebert & L. J. V. Compagno, 2008 (southern dogfish)
    - Centrophorus sp. A Not yet described (mini gulper shark)
    - Centrophorus sp. B Not yet described (slender gulper shark)
  - Genus Deania D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902
    - Deania calcea (R. T. Lowe, 1839) (bird-beak dogfish)
    - Deania hystricosa (Garman, 1906) (rough long-nose dogfish)
    - Deania profundorum (H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) (arrow-head dogfish)
    - Deania quadrispinosa (McCulloch, 1915) (long-snout dogfish)
- Family Dalatiidae (kite-fin sharks)
  - Genus Dalatias Rafinesque, 1810
    - Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) (kite-fin shark)
  - Genus Euprotomicroides Hulley & M. J. Penrith, 1966
    - Euprotomicroides zantedeschia Hulley & M. J. Penrith, 1966 (tail-light shark)
  - Genus Euprotomicrus T. N. Gill, 1865
    - Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (pygmy shark)
  - Genus Heteroscymnoides Fowler, 1934
    - Heteroscymnoides marleyi Fowler 1934 (long-nose pygmy shark)
  - Genus Isistius T. N. Gill, 1865
    - Isistius brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (cookiecutter shark)
    - Isistius plutodus Garrick & S. Springer, 1964 (Large-tooth cookiecutter shark)
  - Genus Mollisquama Dolganov, 1984
    - Mollisquama parini Dolganov, 1984 (pocket shark)
  - Genus Squaliolus H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
    - Squaliolus aliae Teng, 1959 (small-eye pygmy shark)
    - Squaliolus laticaudus H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (spined pygmy shark)
- Family Echinorhinidae (bramble sharks)
  - Genus Echinorhinus T. N. Gill, 1862
    - Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (bramble shark)
    - Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928 (prickly shark)
- Family Etmopteridae (lantern sharks)
  - Genus Aculeola F. de Buen, 1959
    - Aculeola nigra F. de Buen, 1959 (hook-tooth dogfish)
  - Genus Centroscyllium J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841
    - Centroscyllium excelsum Shirai & Nakaya, 1990 (high-fin dogfish)
    - Centroscyllium fabricii (J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1825) (black dogfish)
    - Centroscyllium granulatum Günther, 1887 (granular dogfish)
    - Centroscyllium kamoharai T. Abe, 1966 (bare-skin dogfish)
    - Centroscyllium nigrum Garman, 1899 (comb-tooth dogfish)
    - Centroscyllium ornatum (Alcock, 1889) (ornate dogfish)
    - Centroscyllium ritteri D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903 (white-fin dogfish)
  - Genus Etmopterus Rafinesque, 1810
    - Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus benchleyi V. E. Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015 (ninja lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus bigelowi Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993 (blurred lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus brachyurus H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (short-tail lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus bullisi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957 (lined lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus burgessi Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2006 (broad-snout lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus carteri S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (cylindrical lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus caudistigmus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (tail-spot lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus compagnoi R. Fricke & Koch, 1990 (brown lanternshark)
    - Etmottoopoepterus decapidaaticusspidatus W. L. Y. Chan, 1966 (comb-tooth lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus dianthus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pink lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus dislineatus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (Lined lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus evansi Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (Black-mouth lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus fusus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pygmy lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus gracilispinis G. Krefft, 1968 (broad-band lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus granulosus (Günther, 1880) (southern lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus hillianus (Poey, 1861) (Caribbean lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus joungi Knuckey, Ebert & G. H. Burgess, 2011 (short-fin smooth lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus litvinovi Parin & Kotlyar, 1990 (small-eye lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus lucifer D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902 (Black-belly lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus molleri (Whitley, 1939) (Moller's lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus perryi S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (dwarf lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus polli Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (African lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904 (great lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (False lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus pusillus (R. T. Lowe, 1839) (smooth lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus pycnolepis Kotlyar, 1990 (dense-scale lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus robinsi Schofield & G. H. Burgess, 1997 (West Indian lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus schultzi Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (fringe-fin lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, L. J. V. Compagno & De Vries, 2011 (sculpted lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus sentosus Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976 (thorny lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus sheikoi (Dolganov, 1986) (rasp-tooth dogfish)
    - Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) (velvet-belly lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus splendidus Ka.Yano, 1988 (splendid lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus unicolor (Engelhardt, 1912) (bristled lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus viator Straube, 2011 (traveller lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus villosus C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Hawaiian lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus virens Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (green lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus sp. Not yet described (Guadalupe lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus sp. Not yet described (Chilean lanternshark)
    - Etmopterus sp. Not yet described (Papua short-tail lanternshark)
  - Genus Trigonognathus Mochizuki & F. Ohe, 1990
    - Trigonognathus kabeyai Mochizuki & F. Ohe, 1990 (viper dogfish)
- Family Oxynotidae (rough sharks)
  - Genus Oxynotus Rafinesque, 1810
    - Oxynotus bruniensis (J. D. Ogilby, 1893) (prickly dogfish)
    - Oxynotus caribbaeus Cervigón, 1961 (Caribbean roughshark)
    - Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758) (angular roughshark)
    - Oxynotus japonicus Ka. Yano & Murofushi, 1985 (Japanese roughshark)
    - Oxynotus paradoxus Frade, 1929 (sail-fin roughshark)
- Family Somniosidae (sleeper sharks)
  - Genus Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864
    - Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (Portuguese dogfish)
    - Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906 (rough-skin dogfish)
  - Genus Centroselachus Garman, 1913
    - Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864) (long-nose velvet dogfish)
  - Genus Scymnodalatias Garrick, 1956
    - Scymnodalatias albicauda Taniuchi & Garrick, 1986 (white-tail dogfish)
    - Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988 (Azores dogfish)
    - Scymnodalatias oligodon Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988 (sparse-tooth dogfish)
    - Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1921) (Sherwood's dogfish)
  - Genus Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864
    - Scymnodon ichiharai Ka. Yano & S. Tanaka (II), 1984 (Japanese velvet dogfish)
    - Scymnodon macracanthus (Regan, 1906) (large-spine velvet dogfish)
    - Scymnodon plunketi (Waite, 1910) (Plunket's shark)
    - Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (knife-tooth dogfish)
  - Genus Somniosus Lesueur, 1818
    - Somniosus antarcticus Whitley, 1939 (southern sleeper shark)
    - Somniosus longus (S. Tanaka (I), 1912) (frog shark)
    - Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Greenland shark)
    - Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944 (Pacific sleeper shark)
    - Somniosus rostratus (A. Risso, 1827) (little sleeper shark)
    - Somniosus sp. A Not yet described (long-nose sleeper shark)
  - Genus Zameus D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903
    - Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877) (velvet dogfish)
- Family Squalidae (dogfish sharks)
  - Genus Cirrhigaleus S. Tanaka (I), 1912
    - Cirrhigaleus asper (Merrett, 1973) (rough-skin spurdog)
    - Cirrhigaleus australis W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (southern Mandarin dogfish)
    - Cirrhigaleus barbifer S. Tanaka (I), 1912 (Mandarin dogfish)
  - Genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758
    - Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 (spiny dogfish)
    - Squalus acutipinnis Regan, 1908 (blunt-nose spiny dogfish)
    - Squalus albifrons Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern high-fin spurdog)
    - Squalus altipinnis Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (western high-fin spurdog)
    - Squalus blainville (A. Risso, 1827) (long-nose spurdog)
    - Squalus brevirostris S. Tanaka (I), 1917 (Japanese short-nose spurdog)
    - Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007 (big-head spurdog)
    - Squalus chloroculus Last, W. T. White & Motomura, 2007 (green-eye spurdog)
    - Squalus clarkae Pfleger, Grubbs, Cotton & Daly-Engel, 2018 (Genie's dogfish)
    - Squalus crassispinus Last, Edmunds & Yearsley, 2007 (fat-spine spurdog)
    - Squalus cubensis Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Cuban dogfish)
    - Squalus edmundsi W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (Edmund's spurdog)
    - Squalus formosus W. T. White & Iglésias, 2011 (Taiwan spurdog)
    - Squalus grahami W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern long-nose spurdog)
    - Squalus griffini Phillipps, 1931 (northern spiny dogfish)
    - Squalus hemipinnis W. T. White, Last] & Yearsley, 2007 (Indonesian short-snout spurdog)
    - Squalus japonicus Ishikawa, 1908 (Japanese spurdog)
    - Squalus lalannei Baranes, 2003 (Seychelles spurdog)
    - Squalus megalops (W. J. Macleay, 1881) (short-nose spurdog)
    - Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (black-tailed spurdog)
    - Squalus mitsukurii D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1903 (short-spine spurdog)
    - Squalus montalbani Whitley, 1931 (Indonesian greeneye spurdog)
    - Squalus nasutus Last, L. J. Marshall & W. T. White, 2007 (western long-nose spurdog)
    - Squalus notocaudatus Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (bar-tail spurdog)
    - Squalus rancureli Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (Cyrano spurdog)
    - Squalus raoulensis C. A. J. Duffy & Last, 2007 (Kermadec spiny dogfish)
    - Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) (Pacific spiny dogfish)
    - Squalus sp. Not yet described (Lombok high-fin spurdog)

[[Category:鲨鱼]]

^ Märss, Tiiu; Gagnier, Pierre-Yves (3 August 2001). "A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, the Canadian Arctic". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (4): 693. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0693:ANCFTW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86329421. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
^ Rees, Jan (19 July 2010). "Neoselachian sharks from the Callovian–Oxfordian (Jurassic) of Ogrodzieniec, Zawiercie Region, southern Poland". The Palaeontological Association. 53 (4): 887–902. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00967.x. S2CID 129407928. Retrieved 25 October 2020.

[1] Märss, Tiiu; Gagnier, Pierre-Yves (3 August 2001). "A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, the Canadian Arctic". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (4): 693. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0693:ANCFTW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86329421. Retrieved 25 October 2020.

[2] Rees, Jan (19 July 2010). "Neoselachian sharks from the Callovian–Oxfordian (Jurassic) of Ogrodzieniec, Zawiercie Region, southern Poland". The Palaeontological Association. 53 (4): 887–902. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00967.x. S2CID 129407928. Retrieved 25 October 2020.

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