User:Ichthyovenator/List of Despots of the Morea

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Despot of the Morea
Seal of Demetrios Palaiologos as Despot of the Morea
Last in Office
Thomas Palaiologos
1428 – 31 May 1460
and
Demetrios Palaiologos
March 1449 – 31 May 1460
Details
First monarchManuel Kantakouzenos
Last monarchThomas and Demetrios Palaiologos
Formation25 October 1349
Abolition31 May 1460
AppointerHereditary; imperial appointment

The Despot of the Morea, also referred to by historians as the Despot of the Peloponnese[1] and by some contemporaries as the Despot of the Romans,[a] was the ruler of the Despotate of the Morea, a semi-autonomous province and appanage of the late Byzantine Empire.

List of despots of the Morea, 1349–1460[edit]

House of Kantakouzenos (1349–1383)[edit]

See also: Kantakouzenos
Image Name Reign Succession & notes Ref
Manuel Kantakouzenos
Μανουήλ Καντακουζηνός
(Manouēl Kantakouzēnos) 		1349–1380
Matthew Kantakouzenos
Ματθαίος Ασάνης Καντακουζηνός
(Matthaios Asanēs Kantakouzēnos) 		1380–1383
Demetrios I Kantakouzenos
Δημήτριος Καντακουζηνός
(Dēmētrios Kantakouzēnos) 		1383

House of Palaiologos (1383–1460)[edit]

See also: Palaiologos
Image Name Reign Succession & notes Ref
Theodore I Palaiologos
Θεόδωρος Παλαιολόγος
(Theodōros Palaiologos) 		1383–1407
Theodore II Palaiologos
Θεόδωρος Παλαιολόγος
(Theodōros Palaiologos) 		1407–1443 Appointed by his father, Manuel II. Ruled alone for two decades before ruling jointly with Constantine and Thomas. Ruled from Mystras. [5]
Constantine Palaiologos
Κωνσταντῖνος Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος
(Kōnstantinos Dragasēs Palaiologos) 		1428–1449 Appointed by his brother, John VIII, to govern the despotate together with Theodore II. Ruled from Glarentza 1428–1432, Kalavryta 1432–1443 and Mystras 1443–1449. [6]
[7]
Thomas Palaiologos
Θωμᾶς Παλαιολόγος
(Thomas Palaiologos) 		1428–1460 Appointed by his brother, John VIII, to rule alongside Theodore II and Constantine. Ruled from Kalavryta 1428–1432, Elis 1432–1449 and Patras & Leontari 1449–1460. [7]
[8]
Demetrios II Palaiologos
Δημήτριος Παλαιολόγος
(Dēmētrios Palaiologos) 		1449–1460 Appointed to rule alongside Thomas by their brother Constantine upon his accession to the Byzantine throne as Constantine XI. Ruled from Mystras. [7]
[9]

Titular and claimant despots after 1460[edit]

Palaiologos claimants (1460–1502)[edit]

Image Name Claim Succession & notes Ref
Thomas Palaiologos
Θωμᾶς Παλαιολόγος
(Thomas Palaiologos) 		1460–1465
(previously ruling despot 1428–1460) 		Despot until the fall of the despotate in 1460. Continued to claim the title in exile until his death in 1465. [10]
[11]
Andreas Palaiologos
Ἀνδρέας Παλαιολόγος
(Andreas Palaiologos) 		1465–1502 Son of Thomas, continued his father's claim. Also claimed the title "Emperor of Constantinople" 1483–1494 and 1498–1502. [10]
[12]
[13]

Later pretenders[edit]

  • Fernando Palaiologos (claimed 1502–?), possibly a (illegitimate?) son of Andreas, claimed the title after Andreas' death. Unclear fate.[14]
  • Constantine Arianiti (claimed 1502/1507–1530), Albanian exile, genealogically unconnected to the despots. Claimed the title after the death of Andreas, possibly due to his Komnenoi ancestry or his marriage into the Palaeologus-Montferrat family, relatives of the imperial Palaiologos dynasty.[15]
  • John George Heracleus Basilicos (claimed late 16th century – early 17th century), Greek mercenary in Italy, forged connections to the Angelo Flavio Comneno family, and through them to the Angelos dynasty of Byzantine emperors.[16][17]
  • Gian Antonio Lazier (claimed c. 1720–1738), Italian forger and pretender who claimed connections to the Laskaris and Palaiologos dynasties.[18]
  • Radu Cantacuzino (claimed c. 1730–1761), Romanian descendant of the Kantakouzenos family, forged connections to emperor John VI Kantakouzenos.[18]
  • Alexandre Crivez (claimed ?–1976), Frenchman, brother of the pretender Paul Crivez who forged connections to the Palaiologos dynasty, claimed in the version "Prince of the Morea".[19]
  • Peter Mills (claimed ?–1988), English forger and pretender who claimed connections to the Palaiologos dynasty, claimed the title in the version "Despot of the Romans" and "Duke of Morea".[20]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The office bore no particular name in Greek other than δεσπότης (despótēs). In his Greek seal, Demetrios Palaiologos (despot 1449–1460) is titled as just "despot", whereas the Latin version of his title, seen in international correspondence, titles him as despotus Romeorum ("Despot of the Romans").[2] Andreas Palaiologos, claimant to the title 1465–1502, rendered it in Latin as despotes Moreæ ("Despot of the Morea")[3] and despotes Romeorum ("Despot of the Romans").[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Nicol 1997, p. xiv.
  2. ^ Beck 1960, pp. 86–94.
  3. ^ Chiflet 1647, p. 367.
  4. ^ Zakythinos 1932, p. 292.
  5. ^ Nicol 1992, pp. 3, 4, 9, 19.
  6. ^ Nicol 1992, pp. 9, 13, 19.
  7. ^ a b c Gilliland Wright 2013, p. 63.
  8. ^ Nicol 1992, pp. 9, 13, 114.
  9. ^ Nicol 1992, p. 113.
  10. ^ a b Harris 2013, p. 650.
  11. ^ Zakythinos 1932, p. 290.
  12. ^ Zakythinos 1932, p. 291, 293.
  13. ^ Setton 1978, p. 463.
  14. ^ Harris 2013, pp. 651, 653.
  15. ^ Harris 2013, pp. 643, 653, 654.
  16. ^ Hassiotis 1982–1983, p. 86, 89, 91, 93–95.
  17. ^ Sainty 2018, p. 73.
  18. ^ a b Iorga 1933, p. 154.
  19. ^ Cheesman & Williams 2000, p. 126.
  20. ^ Nicol 1992, p. 125.

Cited bibliography[edit]

  • Beck, H. G. (1960). "Reichsidee und nationale Politik im spätbysantinischen Staat". Byzantinische Zeitschrift (in German). 53 (1): 86–94.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Cheesman, Clive; Williams, Jonathan (2000). Rebels, Pretenders and Imposters. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312238667.
  • Chiflet, Jean-Jacques (1647). Opera Politico-Historica, Ad Pacem Publicam Spectantia. Moretus.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Gilliland Wright, Diana (2013). "The Fair of Agios Demetrios of 26 October 1449: Byzantine-Venetian Relations and Land Issues in Mid-Century". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 37 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1179/0307013112Z.00000000019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Harris, Jonathan (2013). "Despots, Emperors, and Balkan Identity in Exile". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 44 (3): 643–661. JSTOR 24244808.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Hassiotis, Ioannis (1982–1983). "George Heracleus Basilicos, a Greek Pretender to a Balkan Principality (End of the XVI – Beginning of the XVII century)" (PDF). Balcanica. XIII–XIV: 85–96. ISSN 0350-7653.
  • Iorga, N. (1933), "Radu Cantacuzino. Ședința dela 10 Iunie 1932" [Radu Cantacuzino. Meeting of June 10, 1932] (PDF), Memoriile Secțiunii Istorice a Academiei Române, Seria III (in Romanian), Tom XIII: 149–158
  • Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0511583698.
  • Nicol, Donald M. (1997). Theodore Spandounes: On the Origins of the Ottoman Emperors. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58510-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Sainty, Guy Stair (2018). The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it. Boletín Oficial del Estado. ISBN 978-8434025066.
  • Setton, Kenneth M. (1978). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-127-2.
  • Zakythinos, D. A. (1932). Le despotat grec de Morée, Tome 1: Histoire politique [The Greek Despotate of the Morea, Volume 1: Political History] (in French). Paris: Société d'édition "Les Belles Lettres". OCLC 1001644255.
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