User:JamesPoulson/Philosophy
Philosophy[edit]
Books[edit]
Notions[edit]
- Agency (philosophy)
- Apollonian and Dionysian
- Action theory (philosophy)
- Identity (philosophy)
- Intelligibility (philosophy)
- Determinism
- Dualism
- Indeterminacy (philosophy)
- Materialism
- Monism
- Objectivity (philosophy)
- Pluralism (philosophy)
- Philosophical methodology
- Self-reference
Resources
- Before philosophy : the intellectual adventure of ancient man : an essay on speculative thought in the ancient Near East
- GRAPHING THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy | An encyclopedia of philosophy articles written by professional philosophers.
- PHILOSOPHY MAPS
- PHILOSOPHY SCHOOLS
- Philosophy Stackexchange
- Philosophybasics.com
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- What is the difference between a philosophy and an ideology?
To reflect upon
Professors
Analytic philosophy[edit]
Experimental philosophy[edit]
Logical positivism[edit]
Naturalism[edit]
Ordinary language philosophy[edit]
Quietism[edit]
Postanalytic philosophy[edit]
Contemporary philosophy[edit]
Meta-philosophy[edit]
Epistemology[edit]
About the nature and grounds of knowledge [and]...its limits and validity
- What is knowledge?
- How is knowledge acquired?
- What do people know?
Notions
Influences
Resources
Branches
- Alethiology - The study of the nature of truth
- Formal epistemology
- Meta-epistemology
- Social epistemology
Metaphysics[edit]
Concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being
Notions
Resources
Ontology[edit]
Ethics[edit]
Right vs. wrong
Applied ethics[edit]
How do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice?
Descriptive ethics[edit]
What do people think is right?
Ethics of technology[edit]
Medical ethics[edit]
Normative ethics[edit]
Meta-ethics[edit]
What does "right" even mean?
Other[edit]
Individualism[edit]
Influences[edit]
Notions[edit]
Humanism[edit]
Stoicism[edit]
Philosophical logic[edit]
- Study of argument, Meaning (philosophy of language) and truth (Sybil Wolfram)
- Identity (philosophy), existence, predication, necessity and truth are the main topics of the subject. (Colin McGinn)
Deontic logic[edit]
Philosophy of logic[edit]
Area of philosophy devoted to examining the scope and nature of logic. It is the investigation, critical analysis and intellectual reflection on issues arising in logic. The field is considered to be distinct from philosophical logic.
Resources
- Is illogical = not logical?
- What would be the relation between logic and philosophy?
- What distinction is there between logic, philosophy of logic and philosophical logic?
Logic[edit]
Logic is the use and study of valid reasoning.
Notions[edit]
- Argument AKA Logical argument
- argument
- A series of propositions organized so that the final proposition is a conclusion which is intended to follow logically from the preceding propositions, which function as premises.
- Invalid argument
- Non sequitur (logic)
- Abductive reasoning
- Deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning
- argument
Mathematical logic[edit]
Divisions
Branches
Notions[edit]
Fallacy[edit]
- List of fallacies
- Argumentum ad populum
- What kind of fallacy is insulting an argument but not refuting it?
Formal fallacy[edit]
Red herring fallacies[edit]
- Ad hominem
- Argument from authority
- Argumentum ad lapidem
- Appeal to emotion
- Appeal to tradition
- Association fallacy
- Genetic fallacy
- Pooh-pooh
- Straw man
- Texas sharpshooter fallacy
- Tu quoque (Appeal to hypocrisy)
- Two wrongs make a right
- Vacuous truth
- Circular reasoning
- Confusion of the inverse
- Questionable cause
- Circular cause and consequence
- Correlation does not imply causation
- Fallacy of the single cause
- Post hoc ergo propter hoc ("Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X.")
- Third-cause fallacy
- Wrong direction
- Regression fallacy
- Jumping to conclusions
Informal fallacy[edit]
- Anecdotal evidence
- Appeal to motive
- Argument from ignorance
- Begging the question
- Double-barreled question
- False dilemma - Opposite of Argument to moderation
- Fallacy of composition
- Ignoratio elenchi AKA Fallacy of irrelevance AKA Red herring
- Naturalistic fallacy
- Proof by assertion
- Regression fallacy
Faulty generalization[edit]
Logicians[edit]
- Arthur Prior
- Alfred Tarski
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- Gottlob Frege
- Richard Whately
- Robert S. Hartman
- Saul Kripke
- Willard Van Orman Quine
Categorical logic[edit]
Classical logic[edit]
Formal logic[edit]
Modal logic[edit]
Non-classical logic[edit]
Predicate logic[edit]
Symbolic logic[edit]
Temporal logic[edit]
Intuitionism[edit]
Logicism[edit]
Logical Positivism[edit]
Philosophy of artificial intelligence[edit]
Philosophy of geography[edit]
Philosophy of happiness[edit]
Philosophy of language[edit]
Philosophy of mind[edit]
Philosophy of religion[edit]
Ancient philosophy[edit]
Notions
Pre-Socratic philosophy[edit]
- Milesian school
- Hylozoism - Term introduced to English by Ralph Cudworth in 1678.
Aristotle[edit]
- Organon (Works on logic)
- Corpus Aristotelicum
- Apodicticity
- De Interpretatione - Second text from from Aristotle's Organon
- Prior Analytics - Work on Deductive reasoning
- A proposition is a sentence which affirms or denies a Predicate (logic) of a Subject (grammar).
Resources
Plato[edit]
- Dialogues
- Platonic idealism
- Platonic realism
- Plato's Republic
- Political philosophy
- Theory of Forms
- Platonism
Concepts
Diogenes of Sinope[edit]
Gorgias[edit]
Socrates[edit]
Other[edit]
Western philosophy[edit]
Age of Enlightenment[edit]
18th-century philosophy[edit]
19th-century philosophy[edit]
- Herbert Spencer
- Great Man theory (counter-argument)
In 1860 Herbert Spencer formulated a counter-argument that has remained influential throughout the 20th century to the present: Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes.
- Survival of the fittest
- Great Man theory (counter-argument)
20th-century philosophy[edit]
Analytic philosophy[edit]
Continental philosophy[edit]
American philosophy[edit]
Transcendentalism[edit]
British philosophy[edit]
English philosophy[edit]
Danish philosophy[edit]
French philosophy[edit]
French philosophers[edit]
- Albert Camus
- Baron d'Holbach
- Cornelius Castoriadis
- Jean-Paul Sartre
- Michel Onfray
- Voltaire
- Cornelius Castoriadis
French materialism[edit]
20th-century French philosophy[edit]
Italian philosophy[edit]
German philosophy[edit]
Arthur Schopenhauer[edit]
- "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius hits a target no one else can see."
- Philosophical pessimism
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[edit]
Hans Albert[edit]
Hans Jonas[edit]
Immanuel Kant[edit]
- Kantianism
- Ding an sich
- Critique of Judgment
- Critique of Pure Reason
- Critique of Practical Reason
- Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
- Transcendental idealism
- Ought implies can
Johann Friedrich Herbart[edit]
Johann Gottlieb Fichte[edit]
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel[edit]
- Coined the term Historicism
Max Stirner[edit]
Idealism[edit]
German idealism[edit]
Polish philosophy[edit]
Russian philosophy[edit]
Philosophy of economics[edit]
Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)[edit]
- Hypothetico-deductive model
- Mathematical logic
- Philosophy of Mathematics: Do numbers exist, or are they inventions of the human mind?
Mathematical Platonism[edit]
Social philosophy[edit]
Philosophy of law[edit]
Philosophy of science[edit]
- Karl Popper
- Philosophy of Science: If Mathematical conclusions are discovered then how can somebody invent something? Read the description before answering.
Philosophical influences[edit]
Concepts[edit]
Political philosophy[edit]
Political philosophers