User:Jason Rees/Vanuatu TCs

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Background[edit]

Vanuatu is a Pacific island nation located within the Coral Sea about 1,750 kilometres (1,085 mi) to the east of northern Australia and 540 km (335 mi) to the northeast of New Caledonia. On average 2-3 tropical cyclones impact the island nation each year, however, reliable records of tropical cyclone events are limited, with only fragmentary evidence of events available.[1] United Nations Common Country Assessment

During the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, a total of X tropical cyclones affected or threatened Vanuatu, which was more than any other Pacific nation.[2] These included 6 during 1991–92, 5 in 1993–94, season

Pre World War 2[edit]

1840s[edit]

  • January 16, 1847 – A tropical cyclone impacted the island of Tanna within Vanuatu.[3]
  • March 2 – 11, 1847 – A tropical cyclone impacted southern Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Norfolk Island.[4]
  • February 10 – 15, 1848 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[3]
  • December 25, 1848 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]
  • February 1849 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]
  • March 16, 1849 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]

1850s[edit]

  • February 18 – 24, 1852 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Norfolk Island.[4]
  • January 1, 1854 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[3][6]
  • February 28, 1854 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu, where it caused a lot of damage to the native's plantations.[4]
  • January 29, 1858 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]

1860s[edit]

  • March 14, 1860 – A tropical cyclone was located to the west of Vanuatu.[3]
  • January 3, 1861 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]
  • January 10, 1861 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]
  • March 15, 1861 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]
  • January 17 – 18, 1862 – A tropical cyclone was located to the southeast of the island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[3]
  • February 27, 1867 – A tropical cyclone was located to the west of Vanuatu.[5]
  • March 7, 1867 – A tropical cyclone impacted the islands of Futuna and Efate.[5]
  • January 30, 1868 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]
  • April 21, 1868 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]
  • May 17, 1868 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]
  • January 11, 1869 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[4]
  • February 23, 1869 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]

1870s[edit]

  • March 17 – 22, 1871 – A tropical cyclone impacted Fiji and Vanuatu.[3][7]
  • February 17, 1872 – After a drought had been recorded in the island nation, a tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu including the island of Futuna.[4][5]
  • January 3 – 7, 1873 – A tropical cyclone impacted both Fiji and Vanuatu.[7]
  • December 30, 1873 – January 6, 1874 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu and Fiji.[8]
  • January 6, 1874 – A tropical cyclone impacted the New Hebrides, after it had impacted Fiji on December 30, 1873.[7]
  • February 15 – 25, 1874 – A tropical cyclone impacted both Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[5]
  • October 2, 1874 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]
  • June 1875 – A tropical cyclone impacted the island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[4]
  • January 15, 1877 – A tropical cyclone impacted the whole of Vanuatu.[4]
  • January 7 – 9, 1878 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu.[4]
  • January 9 – 10, 1879 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]

1880s[edit]

  • January 21 – 26, 1880 – A tropical cyclone impacted both Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[5]
  • March 16, 1889 – A tropical cyclone was located to the west of Vanuatu.[5]

1890s[edit]

  • January 2, 1890 – A tropical cyclone passed in between Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[5]
  • February 10 – 11, 1891 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[4]
  • March 4 – 12, 1891 – A tropical cyclone impacted the Santa Cruz Islands of the Solmon Islands and Northern Vanuatu.[9][4]
  • February 14 – 18, 1892 – A tropical cyclone caused significant damage to Vanuatu.[3]
  • February 17, 1893 – A tropical cyclone moved westwards over the island of Futuna in Vanuatu.[5]
  • March 5 – 6, 1893 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[4]

1900s[edit]

  • January 20, 1901 – A tropical cyclone impacted Vanuatu and caused an estimated 150 thousand francs worth of damage.[10]
  • March 3 – 6, 1903 – A tropical cyclone moved westwards from the island of Santo.[5]
  • December 7, 1904 – A tropical cyclone passed over the island nation, with several traiding vessels blown ashore, buildings destroyed and the Marist Brothers School swept away.[11]
  • February 1907 – A tropical cyclone caused significant damage to the French steam boat Frane, while impacting Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[12]
  • April 11, 1907 – A tropical cyclone was located near the island of Futuna.[5]

1910s[edit]

  • March 24 – 25, 1910 – A tropical cyclone impacted Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Vanuatu.[7]
  • January 8 – 9, 1916 – A tropical cyclone impacted western Vanuatu and New Caledonia.[5]
  • November 11, 1918 – A tropical cyclone was located near the island of Tongoa.[5]

1920s[edit]

  • November 23, 1921 – A tropical cyclone was located near the islands of Luganville and Canal Segond.[5]
  • February 3, 1922 - A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]
  • February 25 – 26, 1922 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]
  • December 17, 1922 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]
  • February 13 – 14, 1923 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[5]
  • February 1928 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]

1930s[edit]

  • February 1932 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]
  • April 1932 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]
  • April 1933 – A tropical cyclone was located near Vanuatu.[3]
  • December 1935 – A tropical cyclone impacted the island of Malekula.[13]
  • January 1936 – A tropical cyclone impacted the island of Malekula.[13]

1940's[edit]

  • December 25 – 29, 1939 – A tropical cyclone developed in north-eastern Vanuatu and moved south-eastwards, but no damage was recorded in Vanuatu.[3]
  • February 4 – 17, 1940 – A tropical cyclone developed to the west of the Ellice Islands and gradually southwestwards, before it impacted several smaller islands just to the north of Efate during February 8.[14] All citrus and breadfruit trees on these islands and a large proportion of the coconut trees were uprooted, while several houses and missionary churches were destroyed.[14]
  • February 14 – 23, 1940 – A tropical cyclone developed to the west of the Ellice Islands and gradually south-westwards, before it impacted the islands of Tongoa and Emai to the south of Epi.[14]
  • February 1 – 7, 1941 – A tropical cyclone caused minor damage, as it moved south-westwards through the Bank Islands.
  • February 16 – 26, 1941 – A tropical cyclone caused no damage as it passed between Aneityum and Matthew & Hunter Islands.
  • February 25 – March 8, 1942 – A tropical cyclone passed south-westwards over southern Vanuatu, where it caused an unknown amount of dmaage.
  • February 4 – 6, 1944 – A tropical cyclone moved very quickly through Central Vanuatu and caused an unknown amount of damage.

1950s[edit]

1960s[edit]

  • December 29, 1959 – Cyclone Amanda passed just to the south of Port Villa, where a minimum pressure of 975 hPa (30 inHg)* and hurricane force winds were recorded. No lives were lost while damage was reported on most of the southern islands, with the total cost of rebuilding property including schools and a hospital estimated at A$1 million.
  • January 1, 1960 – Cyclone Brigitte caused minor damage in Vanuatu, as it passed to the north of Efate.
  • January 16 – 18, 1963 – A tropical cyclone caused no significant damage, as it moved eastwards through Southern Vanuatu.
  • March 1 – 6, 1963 – no damage was reported as a tropical cyclone, passed to the south of Aneityum.

1970[edit]

  • DOLLY
  • IDA
  • LENA
  • ROSIE
  • CARLOTTA
  • GAIL
  • IDA
  • UNNAMED-SP7101
  • URSULA
  • YOLANDE
  • MONICA
  • NATALIE-LOTTIE
  • NESSIE
  • PAM
  • ALISON
  • BETTY
  • FLORA
  • VAL
  • ELSA
  • HOPE
  • JAN
  • JUNE
  • MARION
  • NORMAN
  • BOB
  • STEVE
  • HENRY
  • MELI

1980's[edit]

  • November 3–4, 1982 – Tropical Cyclone Joti passed over northern Espiritu Santo, where it caused some damage to houses, gardens and fruit trees.[15][16]
  • November 16, 1982 – Tropical Cyclone Kina passed over Efate during November 16, where no special damage was reported.[3]
  • February 3 – 6, 1984 – Betty
  • January 14 – 21, 1985 – Eric, Nigel and Odette.
  • January 15–16 – Tropical Cyclone Eric passed through Northern Vanuatu, where total damages were estimated at US$100 thousand and 8 deaths were attributed to the system.[17]
  • January 17 -18 – Tropical Cyclone Nigel passed through Northern Vanuatu on a similar track to Eric, where total damages were estimated at US$1 million and 6 deaths were attributed to the system.[17]
  • March 2 - 5, 1985 - Tropical Cyclone Gavin caused heavy rain and moderate to strong winds as it moved southwards, between March 2 - 5, however, there was no significant damage or effects reported.[18]
Keli 08 – February 12, 1986
Alfred 06 – March 9, 1986
Lusi 07 – March 8, 1986
  • May 21–22, 1986 – Severe Tropical Cyclone Namu was expected to cross the southern islands of Vanuatu during May 22, however, it rapidly weakened and merged with a trough of low pressure before it could affect the island nation.[19]
Osea 21 – November 25, 1986
Patsy 13 – December 17, 1986
Uma 04 – 1 1 February 1987
Veli 06 – February 11, 1987
Yali 08 – March 11, 1987
Anne 07 – January 14, 1988
Bola Feb 25–4/Mar 1988
  • Dovi — there were no deaths or significant damages reported because Dovi generally remained at sea, however the Vanuatu Meteorological Service noted that such damage could have been missed, after Cyclones Anne and Bola had already caused extensive damage to crops and structures.

Cyclone Ivy was the first tropical cyclone to affect Vanuatu during the season.[20]

Eseta 16 – December 25, 1988
Delilah 01 – January 4, 1989

1990's[edit]

  • RAE
  • CLIFF
  • ABIGAIL
  • GYAN
  • HETTIE
  • KINA
  • MARK
  • ATU
  • BETI
  • HARVEY
  • UNNAMED
  • ERIC
  • GAVIN
  • HINA
  • NIGEL
  • ODETTE
  • ALFRED
  • KELI
  • LUSI
  • NAMU
  • OSEA
  • PATSY
  • UMA
  • VELI
  • ANNE
  • BOLA
  • DOVI
  • DELILAH
  • ESETA
  • February 7 – 19, 1989 - HARRY
  • February 23 – March 2, 1989 – IVY
  • LILI

1990s[edit]

  • November 25 – 26, 1990 – Severe Tropical Cyclone Sina threatened to impact both the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, before it recurved and moved south-westwards towards Fiji, Tonga, Niue and the Southern Cook Islands.[21]
  • May 12 – 13, 1991 – Tropical Cyclone Lisa passed near Aneityum as a minimal tropical cyclone during May 12, but only caused strong winds and no significant damage was reported.[22]
  • November 16 – 19, 1991 – Severe tropical Cyclone Tia caused minor damage to houses, crops and fruit trees on the Bank and Torres Islands.[23]
  • January 8 – 9, 1992 – Betsy was one of the worst tropical cyclones to impact the island nation since Bola 1988.
  • Daman –
  • ESAU
  • FRAN
  • April 29 – May 1, 1992 – Despite some gale force winds possibly occurring in central Vanuatu, there were no reports of any deaths or significant damage associated with Tropical Cyclone Innis.[24]
  • TIA
  • December 27 - 28, 1992 - The FMS issued special weather bulletins for Vanuatu, as Severe Tropical Cyclone Kina's precursor tropical depression posed a threat to the islands.[25]
  • March 29 – 30, 1993 - Cyclone Prema affected the Shepherd, E'pi and Efate where it caused widespread damage to buildings and crops.[26]
  • ROGER
  • December 28, 1993 – January 8, 1994 – Severe Tropical Cyclone Rewa looped around the Pacific Ocean between December 26, 1993 – January 23, 1994, where it threatened to impact Vanuatu twice.[3] On the first occasion between December 28 – 30, 1993 there was no impact recorded as the system moved through the Solomon Islands.[3] However, between January 5 – 8, 1994, Rewa threatened Vanuatu again and this time impacted it with high seas and strong winds to the island nation.[3]
  • SARAH
  • THEODORE
  • TOMAS
  • USHA - Usha caused minimal damage and strong to gale force winds on Efate, Erromango and Tanna.[3] The system also produced highly beneficial rainfall on most of the central and southern islands, which helped relieve very low river levels and ground water levels that were suffering from a 3rd year of low rainfall.[3]
  • VANIA
  • ZAKA
  • ATU
  • BETI
  • FERGUS
  • DRENA
  • 37P
  • IAN
  • JUNE
  • Lusi
  • SUSAN
  • Katrina
  • Yali
  • Zuman
  • Dani
  • Ella
  • FRANK
  • PETE

2000's[edit]

  • Iris
  • JO
  • VAUGHAN
  • PAULA
  • SOSE
  • TROPICALDEPRESSION07F
  • DES
  • BENI
  • ERICA
  • ESETA
  • ZOE
  • GRACE
  • IVY
  • KERRY
  • LOLA
  • JIM
  • Waiti
  • XAVIER - Severe Tropical Cyclone Xavier caused strong and gusty winds, rough seas and moderate to heavy swells to the eastern Vanuatuan islands, however, no significant damage was reported within the islands.[27][28]
  • BECKY
  • FUNA
  • GENE - As Severe Tropical Cyclone Gene moved westwards it was predicted to affect Vanuatu between January 31 – February 2, however during January 31, the system started to re-curve towards the southeast and did not make landfall on in the island nation.[29] The systems outerbands produced gale force winds for around 12 hours on various southern Vanuatuan islands including Futuna island, which was the only island to sustain any severe damage.[30][31]
  • INNIS

2010s[edit]

  • Ului
  • ATU
  • VANIA
  • Yasi
  • DAPHNE
  • JASMINE
  • Hadi
  • LUSI
  • PAM
  • SOLO
  • ULA
  • WINSTON
  • ZENA
  • April 7 – 9, 2017 – Cyclone Cook caused widespread and significant damage to crops throughout Vanuatu.
  • DONNA
  • GITA
  • HOLA
  • KENI


2020[edit]

  • Harold
  • Yasa

References[edit]

  1. ^ https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9579P/abstract
  2. ^ Natural Hazards and Disaster Management (PDF) (Report). Pacific Disaster Net. April 15, 2008. Archived from the original on February 28, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Tropical cyclones in Vanuatu: 1847 to 1994 (PDF) (Report). Vanuatu Meteorological Service. May 19, 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q d'Aubert, AnaMaria; Nunn, Patrick D. "Database 1: Tropical Cyclones (1558 - 1970)". Furious Winds and Parched Islands: Tropical Cyclones (1558–1970) and Droughts (1722–1987) in the Pacific. pp. 58–171. ISBN 978-1-4691-7008-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Visher, Stephen Sargent (1925). "Hurricanes in the Western South Pacific". Bulletin 20: Tropical Cyclones of the Pacific. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. pp. 37–38.hdl:2027/mdp.39015023271763
  6. ^ Giovannelli, J (April 1952). Les cyclones tropicaux en Nouvelle-Calédonie au cours d'un siècle (1852–1951) [Tropical Cyclones in New Caledonia over a Century (1852–1951)] (PDF). Nouméa Service Météorologique.
  7. ^ a b c d Gabites, John Fletcher (May 17, 1978). Information Sheet No. 27: Tropical cyclones affecting Fiji: 1840 – 1923 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Information Sheet No. 27 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Solomon Disasters was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "Our Telegrams". The Cobargo Chronicle. February 15, 1901. p. 3. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Telegrams". The Burrangong Argus. December 24, 1904. p. 3. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "Hurricane in the New Hebridies". The Evening Telegraph. Vol. 6, no. 1768. February 12, 1907. p. 3. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ a b "Fijian Doctor Saves Island Population". The Uralla Times. April 30, 1936. p. 2. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ a b c Longworth, W M (February 19, 1991). Tropical Cyclones in Vanuatu 1939 to 1989 (PDF) (Report). Vanuatu Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 13, 2014.
  15. ^ Browne, M.L (November 24, 1982). Tropical Cyclone Joti (Preliminary Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
  16. ^ Smales, Angus, ed. (December 1, 1982). "Cyclone Jodie visits Vanuatu". Pacific Islands Monthly. 53 (12). Pacific Publications.
  17. ^ a b Report of the WMO Post-Tropical Cyclone "Pam" Expert Mission to Vanuatu (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. p. 22.
  18. ^ Cyclone Season: 1984 - 1985 (Report). Vanuatu Meteorological Department. September 1985.
  19. ^ Kumar, Pradeep (August 28, 1986). Tropical Cyclone Namu: Preliminary Report (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
  20. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=mDFUU9mQDoXy7AaI1IHACQ&id=x0MtAQAAMAAJ&dq=Cyclone+Anne&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22impact+of+bola%22
  21. ^ Prasad, Rajendra (July 3, 1992). Tropical Cyclone Report 90/6: Tropical Cyclone Sina, November 24 – 30, 1990 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 19, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  22. ^ Pandaram, Sudha (July 3, 1992). Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1: Tropical Cyclone Lisa, May 7 - 13, 1991 (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on March 19, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  23. ^ Ward, Graham F.A (February 12, 1992). Tropical Cyclone Tia, November 14 - 21, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 92/3). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  24. ^ Tropical Cyclone Innis, April 27 – May 3 (Tropical Cyclone Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. April 4, 1998. Archived from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  25. ^ Prasad, Rajendra (February 19, 1992). Tropical Cyclone Report 92/1: Tropical Cyclone Kina, December 26, 1992 – January 5, 1993 (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  26. ^ Kilman, Sato (April 19, 1993). Tropical cyclone Prema: damage assessment/disaster relief operations interim report (PDF) (Report). Port Vila, Vanuatu: National Disaster Management Office. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
  27. ^ Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Summary 2006–07 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 8, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  28. ^ Padgett, Gary (February 6, 2007). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: October 2006". Australian Severe Weather. Archived from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  29. ^ Clegg, Steven G. (2008-02-11). Situation Report – Tropical Cyclone Gene Impact to Futuna Island, Vanuatu (PDF) (Report). The United Nations Children's Fund. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  30. ^ "1000 people in Vanuatu affected by Gene devastation". Radio New Zealand International. 2008-02-07. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  31. ^ "Damage reports from cyclone Gene in Vanuatu are in". Radio New Zealand International. 2008-02-06. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
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