User:Jnestorius/Irish Convention
Composition[edit]
"On [11 June 1917] Mr. Lloyd George announced that the constitution of the Convention had been settled. He explained that the total number of the Convention would be 101 an unwieldy number, he admitted, but it was impossible to have a small body in which all interests would be represented, as it was essential they should be, if an agreement was to secure the adhesion of the country."[1]
| Representing | Number | Nomination | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Subtype | |||
| The Crown | 15 | The government | Included two Sinn Féin sympathisers due Sinn Féin's refusal. PLunkett tried to help GB Shaw get nominated.[3] | |
| Local government | Counties and county boroughs | 33 | Chairman or (lord) mayor of each council | Kerry County Council refused. |
| Urban districts and non-county boroughs | 8 | Two from each of the four provinces | How selected? Did each urban area get one vote? | |
| Churches | Roman Catholic | 4 | bishops | Met at St Patrick's College, Maynooth 19 June 1917 and "unanimously" agreed to accept, despite earlier doubts.[4] Appointees probably later; Plunkett's diary of 2 July suggests it was news then. |
| Church of Ireland | 2 | archbishops | Only two to select | |
| Presbyterian | 1 | Moderator of the General Assembly | ||
| Business | 3 | Belfast, Dublin, and Cork chambers of commerce | ||
| Labour | 7 | Belfast, Dublin, and Cork trades councils | Originally 5; increased due to refusals. Dublin and Cork councils refused to participate.[5] | |
| Political parties | Irish Nationalist Party | 5 | By party | |
| Ulster Unionist Party | 5 | |||
| Irish Unionist Alliance | 5 | for Southern unionists | ||
| Separatists | 5 | Arthur Griffith's Sinn Féin party refused. Of the broader Sinn Féin tendency, Lloyd George said, "There remains the question of representation of Sinn Fein. Certain spokesmen of associations which profess Separatist doctrines have warned us that they will not enter the Convention. We hope that some recognised spokesmen of opinions not voiced by the Irish Parties present in this House will be heard in the Convention, and for this purpose we shall reserve five places."[2] | ||
| All-for-Ireland League | 2 | Refused. Plunkett suggested William O'Brien might reconsider if it were agreed that the Convention's recommendations be put to a popular vote.[6] | ||
| Irish representative peers | 2 | |||
Members[edit]
| Name | Representing | Meetings attended | Report signed | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn | Loc gov: county: Tyrone | 43 | ||
| Robert Newton Anderson | Loc gov: county: Derry city[n 1] (Mayor) | 48 | Knighted during the convention | |
| Edward H. Andrews | Business | 50 | Dublin Chamber of Commerce | |
| Henry Armstrong | Loc gov: county: Armagh | 46 | ||
| Hugh T. Barrie | Parties: Ulster Unionist | 48 | MP for North Londonderry | |
| Michael K. Barry | Loc gov: county: Cork county | 40 | From Newmarket[10] | |
| John Bernard | Religion: Church of Ireland | 51 | Archbishop of Dublin | |
| Sir Henry Arthur Blake | Parties: Irish Unionist Alliance | 21 | Died 23 Feb 1918. | |
| John Bolger | Loc gov: county: Wexford | 50 | ||
| William Broderick | Loc gov: urban: Munster | 49 | Vice-chair of Youghal urban district council | |
| John Butler | Loc gov: county: Kilkenny | 15 | ||
| Thomas C. Butterfield | Loc gov: county: Cork city (Lord Mayor) | 40 | ||
| John Byrne | Loc gov: county: Queen's (now Laois) | 10 | ||
| J. J. Clancy | Parties: Irish Nationalist | 38 | MP for North County Dublin | |
| Sir George Clark, 1st Baronet | Parties: Ulster Unionist | 37 | Former MP for Belfast North; co-founder of Workman, Clark shipbuilders | |
| James Jackson Clark | Loc gov: county: Londonderry county[n 2] | 45 | Colonel. Son of James Johnston Clark and grandfather of James Chichester-Clark. | |
| James J. Coen | Loc gov: county: Westmeath | 48 | ||
| Daniel Condren | Loc gov: county: Wicklow | 45 | ||
| Robert Sharman-Crawford | Loc gov: county: Down | 47 | MP for Belfast East | |
| John Crozier | Religion: Church of Ireland | 50 | Archbishop of Armagh | |
| Patrick Dempsey | Government nominee | 48 | Member of Belfast City Council | |
| Hamilton Cuffe, 5th Earl of Desart | Government nominee | 48 | ||
| Joseph Devlin | Parties: Irish Nationalist | 40 | MP for Belfast West | |
| John Dooly | Loc gov: county: King's (now Offaly) | 50 | ||
| William A. Doran | Loc gov: county: Louth | 48 | Methodist JP from Ardee; joined the National Volunteers, became a captain in the war, and received leave from the front to attend the conference.[11] | |
| Thomas Duggan | Loc gov: county: Tipperary North Riding | 49 | ||
| James Dunlevy | Loc gov: county: Donegal | 9 | ||
| Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl | Government nominee | 34 | ||
| Thomas Fallon | Loc gov: county: Leitrim | 50 | ||
| John Fitzgibbon | Loc gov: county: Roscommon | 43 | MP for South Mayo | |
| John Flanagan | Loc gov: urban: Connacht | 46 | Chair of Ballina urban district council | |
| Hugh Garahan | Loc gov: county: Longford | 51 | ||
| Sir William Goulding, 1st Baronet | Government nominee | 48 | Cork businessman; son of MP William Goulding (1817–1884) | |
| Michael Governey | Loc gov: urban: Leinster | 41 | Chair of Carlow urban district council | |
| Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard | Government nominee | 45 | ||
| William Gubbins | Loc gov: county: Limerick county | 48 | ||
| Stephen Gwynn | Parties: Irish Nationalist | 51 | MP for Galway City | |
| Thomas Halligan | Loc gov: county: Meath | 51 | ||
| John Hanna | Labour (additional) | 51 | An Orangeman selected for the convention by the Ulster Unionist Council. Unionist academic Austen Morgan writes, "his claim to represent the shipyards was hollow".[12] | |
| Thomas Harbison | Parties: Irish Nationalist | 40 | Member of Tyrone County Council; won the 1918 East Tyrone by-election after the convention ended. | |
| John Harty | Religion: Roman Catholic | 44 | Archbishop of Cashel | |
| John Irwin | Religion: Presbyterian | 45 | ||
| Andrew Jameson | Parties: Irish Unionist Alliance | 49 | Of Jameson Irish Whiskey distillery | |
| James Johnston | Loc gov: county: Belfast city (Lord Mayor) | 43 | ||
| Walter MacMurrough Kavanagh | Loc gov: county: Carlow | 51 | ||
| Denis Kelly | Religion: Roman Catholic | 21 | Bishop of Ross | |
| Joseph K. Kett | Loc gov: county: Clare | 45 | ||
| Michael Elliott Knight | Parties: Ulster Unionist | 50 | Solicitor and Monaghan County Grand Master of the Orange Order.[13] | |
| Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry | Parties: Ulster Unionist | 43 | Brevet lieutenant colonel in the war | |
| Thomas Lundon | Labour (additional) | 49 | Irish Land and Labour Association. MP for Limerick East | |
| Edward E. Lysaght | Government nominee | 28 | Resigned 21 Jan 1918. Later adopted the surname "MacLysaght". | |
| J. Stouppe F. McCance | Loc gov: county: Antrim | 51 | ||
| James McCarron | Labour | 51 | Irish Labour Party alderman on Derry City Council | |
| Sir Crawford McCullagh | Government nominee | 45 | ||
| Martin McDonogh | Loc gov: urban: Connacht | 38 | Chair of Galway urban district council | |
| Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell | Government nominee | 49 | ||
| James McDonnell | Loc gov: county: Galway | 43 | ||
| Sir Alexander McDowell | Government nominee | 15 | Died 21 Mar 1918. Ceased attending during his terminal illness. | |
| James McGarry | Loc gov: county: Mayo | 44 | ||
| Henry Grattan MacGeagh | Loc gov: urban: Ulster | 42 | Lurgan urban district council | |
| John McHugh | Loc gov: county: Fermanagh | 42 | Lobbied Plunkett for a relative's career boost.[14] | |
| Charles McKay | Labour | 51 | Shipbuilding and Engineering Trades' Federation | |
| John McMeekan | Loc gov: urban: Ulster | 39 | Bangor urban district council | |
| Alfred R. MacMullen | Business | 47 | Chair of Cork Chamber of Commerce | |
| Joseph MacRory | Religion: Roman Catholic | 45 | Bishop of Down and Connor | |
| John Pentland Mahaffy | Government nominee | 49 | Provost of Trinity College Dublin | |
| Dermot Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo | Parties: Irish representative peers | 45 | ||
| St John Brodrick, 9th Viscount Midleton | Parties: Irish Unionist Alliance | 48 | ||
| Matthew Minch | Loc gov: county: Kildare | 35 | ||
| John Murphy | Labour | 51 | National Union of Railwaymen | |
| William Martin Murphy | Government nominee | 43 | Former nationalist MP for Dublin St Patrick's. Newspaper proprietor and opponent of the Dublin lock-out. | |
| Patrick O'Donnell | Religion: Roman Catholic | 51 | Bishop of Raphoe | |
| John O'Dowd | Loc gov: county: Sligo | 45 | MP for South Sligo | |
| Charles P. O'Neill | Loc gov: urban: Leinster | 46 | Chair of Pembroke urban district council | |
| Laurence O'Neill | Loc gov: county: Dublin city (Lord Mayor) | 47 | ||
| Patrick J. O'Neill | Loc gov: county: Dublin county | 51 | Farmer of Kinsealy House, Malahide | |
| Geoffrey Browne, 3rd Baron Oranmore and Browne | Parties: Irish representative peers | 48 | ||
| John J. O'Sullivan | Loc gov: county: Waterford city (Mayor) | 35 | ||
| Patrick O'Halloran Peters | Loc gov: urban: Munster | 39 | Mayor of Clonmel | |
| Sir Horace Plunkett | Government nominee | Invited by Lloyd George on 12 July.[15] Convention chose him as its Chairman. | ||
| Hugh MacDowell Pollock | Business | 45 | Belfast Chamber of Commerce | |
| John Blake Powell | Parties: Irish Unionist Alliance | 42 | lawyer | |
| Thomas Power | Loc gov: county: Waterford county | 47 | ||
| Sir Stephen Quinn | Loc gov: county: Limerick city (Mayor) | 42 | ||
| John Redmond | Parties: Irish Nationalist | 29 | MP for Waterford City. Died 6 Mar 1918. | |
| Daniel Reilly | Loc gov: county: Cavan | 51 | ||
| George Russell | Government nominee | 28 | Writer and critic. Resigned 1 Feb 1918. | |
| Michael Slattery | Loc gov: county: Tipperary South Riding | 51 | ||
| G. F. Stewart | Parties: Irish Unionist Alliance | 50 | ||
| Thomas Toal | Loc gov: county: Monaghan | 43 | ||
| Robert Wallace | Parties: Ulster Unionist | 41 | Retired colonel who returned to the reserve during the war. | |
| Robert Waugh | Labour | 34 | Belfast and District Building Trades Federation | |
| Sir William Whitla | Government nominee | 40 | ||
| Henry T. Whitley | Labour | 48 | Belfast and District Trades Council | |
| Sir Bertram Windle | Government nominee | 45 |
Chair[edit]
Plunkett's diaries:
- 2 June "The Speaker, apparently, has been offered the chairmanship"
- 5 June: " I learned that I had been considered as Chairman for the Convention but turned down by the persons consulted (Carson & TP O’Connor I suspect)"
- 11 June "Chairman to be chosen by Convention or failing that by Gov’t."
- 23 June "I suggested that Arthur Balfour should preside till the Convention elected its own chairman."
- 19 Jul Devlin 'thought Redmond (whom Gwynn had recommended) would hardly take it & said “I should not object to you”. I said the Ulstermen would.'
- 21 Jul James Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy and Dunraven each want to chair
- 24 Jul "Saw [H. E.] Duke about the Convention. He told me he would preside over it if asked by the delegates and he made it quite clear that he would try in his opening speech & by the procedure for choosing the Chairman (a small nominated C’tee of selection) to be asked" and "Redmond ... was all for Duke"
- 25 Jul "The difficulty was that Nationalist Ireland wanted me & Unionist Ireland didn’t. Midleton was chief opponent to my claims & tried Hopwood for Chairman. Rightly the Nat’s objected to an Eng[lish] chairman for an Irish Convention. M. really wanted an English judge but did not dare to propose it. Finally I was agreed to on condition Hopwood was secretary the very thing I should have asked for!"
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ Officially Londonderry; see Derry/Londonderry name dispute
- ^ Also called Derry (see Derry/Londonderry name dispute). Wells and Marlowe have typo "Kerry" instead of "Derry".[8][7] (Kerry declined to nominate.[1])
Citations[edit]
- ^ a b c Wells and Marlowe (1918) pp. 45–46
- ^ a b Lloyd George, David (11 June 1917). "Composition Of Convention; Death Of Major Redmond, M.P.". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. s5 v94. HC. col. 612–614.
- ^ Plunkett diaries 19 Jul 1917
- ^ Horace Plunkett diaries, 14–20 June 1917
- ^ McDowell 1970, p.85
- ^ Plunkett diary 29 June 1917
- ^ a b Irish Convention (1918) pp. 52–53
- ^ a b Wells and Marlowe (1918) pp.97–99
- ^ McDowell 1970, pp.218–227
- ^ "Newmarket Notes; Fine Gael News". The Corkman. 18 June 2009. p. 20. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ^ Hall, Donal (2010). "Partition and County Louth". Journal of the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society. 27 (2): 243–283: 253–255. ISSN 0070-1327. JSTOR 41433023.
- ^ Morgan, Austen (1991). Labour and Partition: The Belfast Working Class, 1905–1923. Pluto Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-7453-0326-0.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, David (2014). Descendancy. Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-107-08093-5. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ^ McDowell 1970 p.zzz
- ^ Plunkett diaries 12 July 1917
Sources[edit]
- Irish Convention (1918). Report of the Proceedings. Command papers. Vol. Cd.9019. Dublin: HMSO. Retrieved 7 January 2020 – via Internet Archive.
- McDowell, R. B. (Robert Brendan) (1970). The Irish Convention, 1917–18. London: Routledge & K. Paul. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
- Plunkett, Horace (December 2012). Targett, Kate (ed.). "1917 Diary of Sir Horace Curzon Plunkett (1854–1932)" (PDF). National Library of Ireland.
- Wells, Warre Bradley; Marlowe, N. (1918). The Irish convention and Sinn Fein : in continuation of "A history of the Irish rebellion of 1916". Dublin: Maunsel. Retrieved 7 January 2020.