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Changwon
창원 | |
|---|---|
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| • Hangul | 창원시 |
| • Hanja | 昌原市 |
| • Revised Romanization | Changwon-si |
| • McCune-Reischauer | Ch'angwŏn-si |
.jpg) Downtown | |
 Location in South Korea | |
| Coordinates: 35°16′15″N 128°39′47″E / 35.27083°N 128.66306°E | |
| Country |  South Korea |
| Region | Yeongnam |
| Established | 1408 |
| Administrative divisions | 5 Gu, 2 eup, 6 myeon |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Wansu Park |
| • Council Chairman | Isu-Kim |
| Area | |
| • Total | 736.34 km2 (284.30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2 m (7 ft) |
| Population (Apr 2013) | |
| • Total | 1,089,406 |
| • Density | 1,479/km2 (3,830/sq mi) |
| • Dialect | Gyeongsang |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 |
| Website | Changwon Office |
Changwon is the capital city of Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. It is located by the southeastern coast of South Korea. }}</ref> It is 743 square kilometres (287 sq mi) large, which is only about 7% of the total size of Gyeongsangnam-do province, also known as Gyeongnam; yet, Changwon holds 33.6% of the total population of Gyeongnam making Changwon the 8th most populated city in South Korea, with an established population of 1,089,039 people in 2010.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).[clarification needed]
}}</ref> Changwon is known as a heavy industrial city as Changwon is responsible for 38.5% of the total budget of its province.[1]
On April 1, 1974 Changwon was designated 'Industrial Base Development Area No. 92.' As a result, the city was developed and significantly expanded. Moreover, recently in July 1, 2010, the neighboring cities of Masan and Jinhae merged with the city to form a single larger urban area that makes up the current city of Changwon. These three constituent cities are located in the Masan Bay Area.
For Changwon is recognized as a city with high potential that will increasingly make positive contributions to the Kyeongsangnam-do Province and as well as South Korea as a whole, its official symbol possesses a determined ambition towards becoming the new city of hope in the future of South Korea. [2] The keywords of Changwon include growth, hope, passion, creativity, life, and balance. Its slogan is "Shining Land, Changwon", accentuating its city's and people's energy and dynamism. [3]
History[edit]
Early History[edit]
Masan Bay was wide open toward the hilly lands of the coastal plain in the Bronze Age, and there are many ruins dating from the Iron Age in the area. Typical Iron Age landmarks include Bangyedong monuments, dolmens, holy mounds, lower molar sites, and dolmens from Bronze Age settlements.
Three Kingdoms and the Dynastic Period[edit]
During the Three Kingdoms Period, today's Changwon was originally a part of the territory of Byunhan. During the Unified Silla Period, this region was renamed to Uian-gun, then in the Goryeo Period, to Uichang-hyeon.
During the Jeolla dynasty period, Changwon-bu Administrative District, named in 1408 (Taejong 8), was renamed to Changwondohobu Administrative District in 1415 (Taejong 15). Suffered after the 1601 (Sunjo 34) invasion in the Changwon-daedohobu (Gyeongnam Capital of Joseon Period) was promoted to. Late in the administrative and military center in Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province and represents a capital. Confucian's defeated (殿牌) is lost in the wake of the case nine years been derided as little more than present in Changwon, but again, Changwon-daedohobu been promoted to persist until the end of the Joseon was. Today, Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province to the current namdocheong This material has a capital role.
After the Korean War[edit]
1960s
On March 15, 1960, a movement arose against the election of the totalitarian Syngman Lee government in Changwon (before Masan). This was a decisive opportunity to spark a revolution of 4.19 later.
1970s
In 1974, Changwon was to become an industrial and residential center, as well as the provincial capital. Changwon city planning district announced on April 1, 1974 that Changwon was designated as the 'Industrial Base Development Area No. 92', and industrial development in Changwon was to proceed as part of the development plan. The Changwon Industrial Complex was built to the south of the city. Canberra, Austrailia, was Changwon's role model for this development plan. After Canberra, Brasília in Brazil, and New Delhi in India, Changwon became the fourth planned city in the world, and Korea's first planned city.[4]
The country's longest straight road was constructed in Changwon, with a length of 15.27 kilometres (9.49 mi),[5] with the industrial park to the south and residential complexes constructed to the north. The current plan is an independent foundation in Changwon city, the urban master plan is September 1, 1976 Industrial and promoting the development and efficient management of the city behind for the administrative district of Masan, Changwon, remove it from the earth as the 1977-1986 Area Plan 171.560㎢(42,393ac), was established based on population 300,000. [clarification needed]
In 1970s, The 3rd Economic Development five years (1972–1976) according to the plans of the heavy and chemical industries' machinery industry 100 billion export target, the ranks of industrialized nations settled in the 1980s', depending on the goal, September 19, 1973 President Park Chung Hee 'instructions on the construction of Changwon Machinery Industrial Base' is a top-down April 1, 1974 Changwon industrial base for the development of industrial base development is determined by promoting regional development has begun. [clarification needed]
Companies in the Benefits Agency, including the selection and move into action to attract companies produce 1.5 billion won in 1975, exports from $ 600,000 in 1979, producing 450.6 billion won, raise export earnings $ 1,650,000. [clarification needed]
1980s
South Gyeongsang Province in June 1982 was the previous Government. Government prior to the industrial park behind the city administration, social, cultural and economic changes such as the center of all the fields. [clarification needed]
Redefining the basic structure was the city in 1983. This is the point of Changwon and tapped the center axis between the central commercial areas, transportation, administrative districts, cultural, educational and contentment is to have the system up into sections. [clarification needed]
In particular, the 1984 Korea's best city for the construction of the power of 'the city plans to make park five years' developed. Until 1988 the park was developed 11. This is the OECD, Changwon City (average 19.80㎡) was higher than that, one of the nation's top per capita green space area (32.3 square metres (348 sq ft)) with the foundation said. Both apartments and housing development has begun. [clarification needed]
2nd oil crisis in 1979 affect the economy negatively. , VTR, due to increased overseas demand, such as semiconductor automation equipment, machinery, high-tech product development, production, etc. 5,023.7 billion Won, exports 1.428 billion U.S. dollars compared with 70 in 1,000 percent and has grown 765 percent. [clarification needed]
2000s
2008 in Changwon, South Gyeongsang 10th Conference of the Ramsar Convention was held.[6]
On October 22, 2008, Public bike 'Nubija' was introduced. On May 3, 2009 the Korean President Lee Myung-bak took part in the bikes festival held in Changwon with Changwon citizens.[7]
On June 2, 2010, Wansu Park was elected as the mayor of Changwon city.[8]
On July 1, 2010, the three neighboring cities, Masan, Changwon and Jinhae unified to create the Unified Changwon City, with a population of 1.08 million.[9]
Changwon Industrial Complex in September 2010 was over 2,000 tenant companies. Companies is 97.8 percent(1,957) small and medium businesses, large corporations and 2.2 percent in all 44 companies.[10]
Geography[edit]
Changwon is located on the southeastern coast of South Korea and it has Masan Bay and the city of Jinhae within its boundaries. The city is surrounded by a series of ridges, including Mt. Bulmo (802 metres (2,631 ft)), Mt. Jeongbyeong (567 metres (1,860 ft)), and Mt. Jangbok (582 metres (1,909 ft)) as its highest peaks. It also has several islands like Dot island, Sokuri island are part of the city, also included the uninhabited Islands.
Ministry of Land surveyed by the National Oceanographic Research Institute, state that the length of the coastline is the longest in Masan area 163.14 kilometres (101.37 mi), Jinhae area 121.45 kilometres (75.47 mi), Changwon City in the shortest 14.24 kilometres (8.85 mi). In addition, due to consolidation, Changwon, 298.83 kilometres (185.68 mi) the coastline, the country along the coast-to-coast city of more than one million population, Incheon, Busan will be followed by three of the above. [clarification needed]
Climate[edit]
Changwon has four distinct seasons with definite changes due to its geographical location. As it is located in the southern part of the peninsula, the climate is generally mild. The average temperature is 12.9 °C (55.2 °F),and its annual precipitation is 1,527 millimetres (60.1 in). Forests are mainly temperate deciduous and evergreen vegetation is mixed forest of hardwoods.
For approximately 10 years since 1980, the average number of sunny days is about 116 days a year, which is 32 percent of the entire year, and for approximately 10 years since 1990, it has increased to about 135 days a year, which is about 37 percent.
Records indicate that during 1992−2001, average annual temperature was 15 °C (59 °F), average annual rainfall was 1,395 millimetres (54.9 in). 1994 recorded the minimum rainfall of 718 millimetres (28.3 in), whereas 1991 recorded the maximum rainfall of 2,046 millimetres (80.6 in).
| Climate data for Changwon (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
1.3 (34.3) |
11.1 (52.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.9 (1.45) |
45.3 (1.78) |
74.3 (2.93) |
129.9 (5.11) |
142.2 (5.60) |
232.3 (9.15) |
293.8 (11.57) |
299.0 (11.77) |
167.3 (6.59) |
50.2 (1.98) |
52.2 (2.06) |
22.0 (0.87) |
1,545.4 (60.84) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.1 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 13.9 | 12.2 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 92.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 50.8 | 51.8 | 56.8 | 60.9 | 67.7 | 75.5 | 80.2 | 76.5 | 70.7 | 62.3 | 58.3 | 53.4 | 63.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 179.7 | 183.6 | 190.5 | 209.2 | 205.5 | 160.4 | 136.9 | 159.4 | 158.0 | 205.5 | 179.6 | 176.7 | 2,145 |
| Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[11] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[edit]
Administrative divisions[edit]
It has 5 districts (Gu).
| Map | ||
|---|---|---|
| District | Hangul | Hanja |
| Uichang-gu | 의창구 | 義昌區 |
| Seongsan-gu | 성산구 | 城山區 |
| Masanhappo-gu | 마산합포구 | 馬山合浦區 |
| Masanhoewon-gu | 마산회원구 | 馬山會原區 |
| Jinhae-gu | 진해구 | 鎭海區 |
- Uichang is the old name of Changwon. When the king of Silla gyeongdeok, Guljagun is Uian-gun.
- Consider the times in 1282 (King of chungryeol 8), Guljagun changed name Uichanggun.
- Chosun era, 1408 (king of Taijong 8) Uichang Prefecture and Hoewonhyeon (Masan's old name) was incorporated as part Changwon.
- Jinhae (formerly known as Chinhae) is a district in Changwon City, South Korea. This region is served by the Korean National Railroad, and is famous for its annual cherry blossom festival every spring.
Neighborhoods[edit]
Changwon National Industrial Complex
Changwon is an attractive business city with a high growth potential through its global industry groups and high-tech industry clusters.
• Area: 25,302 km2
• Number of Employee: 82,000
• Volume of Manufacture: 40.1447 trillion KRW
• Amount of Export: 15.217 billion USD
• Production Rate by Industry: Machinery 64%, Transportation Equipment 16%, Steel 10%, Electronics 8%, Others 2%
Changwon National Industrial Complex was created by the heavy chemical industry development policy of the Korean government in 1974. Changwon National Industrial Complex led the chemical industry and heavy machinery sectors of the Korean economy and is now a very important city for such industries in the country.
A significant avenue named "Changwon Daero", meaning Changwon big road, was created during the industrial development of Changwon in the 60s and the 70s; this long avenue divides the city into the industrial region and the residential region - to the south are the factories and to the north is Sangnam-dong and mainly residences. Changwon Daero also serves as an emergency runway for military purposes.
Financial district and Government district
The city's financial district is located in the southern part of Jungang-dong and Sangnam-dong. (upper side of City hall)
The Government district is located in the northern part of Youngho-dong and Shinwol-dong. (lower side of City hall)
Sangnam-dong
The Sangnam neighborhood is the central part of the greater Changwon. The downtown like sector of this neighborhood, Sangnam Commercial District(상남상업지구), is the main nightlife area, with many restaurants, bars, clubs, karaoke, and hotels. There is a large farmer's -market with numerous vendors selling fresh seafood, vegetables, and other groceries as well as non-perishables such as clothing and pottery. This market is called "Sangnam-Sijang", and it runs on the dates ending in 4 or 9; i.e. 4th, 14th, 9th, 19th of the month. On these days, the people of Changwon crowd here. There is also a large-scale residential complex of high-rise apartments.
Jungang-dong
Jungan-dong, located just west of Sangnam, is the "old town" and extended central area of the city. This area is particularly known for nightlife. Consequently, local foreigners favour this area and often reside within the district. This is the place to most likely bump into one of the foreign English teachers, engineers and soldiers of the area.
Hapsung-dong
Hapsung-dong is the central district of the old city of Masan near the Masan harbor; but Masan is now a part of Changwon. Hapsung-dong's streets are much narrower than the rest of Changwon, because of the planned aspects of old Changwon sector, and traditional aspects of old Masan sector.
Daebang-dong
Daebang-dong is known as the 'inner city' section of Changwon. Residential and commercial districts are dominant in this area.
Yongho-dong
Yongho-dong is the counter-culture area of Changwon.
Changdong-Art Village
This district has many murals and artworks in the streets. The government and the citizens designated this district for various artists and the general purpose of art. Here, there are many galleries displaying various artworks.
Economy[edit]
Changwon is a hub of industrial factories for many major companies, including Samsung Techwin, GM Korea, LG Electronics, Hyundai Rotem, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, Doosan Infracore, Doosan Engine, Hyosung, Hyundai Wia and STX Corporation. The Korean Naval Base in Jinhae-gu, namely(Republic of Korea Navy), is also one of the main contributors to the economy of Changwon. In addition, neibouring city Masan has Export processing zones, like a free port zone.
Gross Regional Domestic Product of Changwon is 21.7 trillion Won which is higher than that of Gwangju and Daejeon - well-known metropolitan cities of South Korea.[12] Records indicate a profit of 29 billion dollars from exports in 2008, which is higher than that of Busan, Gwangju, Daejeon and Daegu.
Changwon National Machinery Industry Corporation for the current 20% share of gross, and 41 percent of national industrial machinery, industrial robots, has been producing 80 percent that produce 38 trillion won, exports 172 billion dollars, more than 40 percent of total export Gyeongnam are occupied. Changwon Industrial Complex are large and 2000 small business tenants.[clarification needed]
Education[edit]
Changwon has seven universities and colleges: Changwon National University, Kyungnam University, KNA(Korea Naval Academy), Changwon College, Masan college, Chang Shin College and Korea Politechnic 7 College (Changwon Polytechnic College).
Changwon has 46 high schools, 63 middle schools, 105 elementary schools and 193 kindergartens, including two special-purpose high schools: Changwon Science High School and Changwon Mechanical Technical High School.[13]
Changwon National University was established in 1969 and was re-established in 1985. It has approximately 15,000 graduate and undergraduate students.[14]
Kyungnam University, originally Kookmin College in Seoul, was founded in 1949. The location of the school had to move during the Korean War because it was more advantageous to move south than to stay in the Seoul area. In 1961, the institution was renamed as the new geo-specific moniker of Masan College. In 1970, the Hanma Foundation took over the college and in 1971, they decided to rename the college to “Kyungnam College.” In 1982, the institution attained university status and the name was officially altered to its current name. Since 1982, there has been no revision to the name and it has remained “Kyungnam University.”[15] It has approximately 18,000 graduate(2,000) and undergraduate students(16,000).[16]
KNA(Korea Naval Academy) was established in 1946.[17]
Health Care[edit]
Changwon has the following big health institutions: Korea Accident Medical Center in Changwon, National Masan T. B. Hospital, Hanmaum Hospital, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Jinhae Naval Hospital and Changwon Samsung Hospital-Sungkyunkwan University.
Changwon Department of Public Health is health institutions in Changwon city to improve disease prevention, care and public health.
-Changwon Health Center, Changwon Health Promotion Center, Masan Health Center, Jinhae Health Center.[18]
Culture and Contemporary Life[edit]
Changwon is a city that did not forget to integrate nature, in contrast to other cities, providing a vital atmosphere rather than the usual hectic environment of an urban city. This is mainly because there were natural attractions already present before the city was urbanized. For this reason, Changwon has numerous municipal parks, large gardens, and waterfronts throughout the city. For example, Yongji Park contains a small lake with a jet-fountain and hosts laser light shows at night.
The Junam Reservoir is important because it serves as the largest bird migration site in Korea. During the peak season in the winter, an average of 30,000 to 40,000 birds can be observed daily at this Reservoir.[citation needed] There is a birdwatching festival each year.
Every Spring, it is a popular culture for South Koreans to visit Flower festivals. In Changwon, Azaleas bloom on the hillsides for a short period of time each Spring and the city hosts two one-day festivals to commemorate this phenomena. Also, since Changwon is close to the city of Jinhae, which is famous for its annual cherry blossom festival, people of Changwon can easily visit Jinhae.
Changwon is also the home to the Changwon Exhibition Convention Center (CECO), located adjacent to the City 7 lodging and shopping complex. CECO hosted the 2008 conference of Ramsar Convention parties.
Other major attractions include: Changwon Stadium, Changwon Indoor Swimming Pool, Changwon Football Center, Masan Stadium, Masan Baseball Stadium, Jinhae Public Stadium, Changwon West Sports Centre, Gym civic life center, and Evergreen Hall.
List of Parks in Changwon.
Olympic Park
Yongji Park
Chrysanthemum Park
Namsan Park
Pyeongsan Park
Sangnam Park
Bansong Park
Gaumjung Park
Daewon Park
Samdon Park
Naedong Park
Jungang Park
Gaumjung Sports Park
Rose Park
Youth Park
Daebang Green Park
Sangnam square
Samjungja Park
Jindong Park
Manal Park
Sehang Park
Guhang Park
Sanho Park
Jasan Park
Yangduk Park
Paryeong Park
Jehang Mt Park
Pungho Park
Jangbok Mt Park
hindolmae Park
Jinhae Seashore Park
Sports[edit]
Changwon hosts four professional sports teams; a basketball team - the Changwon LG Sakers of the KBL; two association football clubs - Gyeongnam FC of the professional K-League (the highest tier of Korean football) and Changwon City FC of the semi-professional National League (the second tier of Korean football); and a baseball team - the NC Dinos of the Korea Professional Baseball League. Prior to the establishment of the Dinos to Changwon as an expansion team in 2011, the Lotte Giants of the Korea Professional Baseball League would play a few series per season at Masan Baseball Stadium in what was then the city of Masan. Changwon merged with the city of Masan in 2010, and Masan Stadium, located in what is now Changwon's Masanhoewon-gu, serves as the home stadium for the Dinos while a new baseball stadium is currently under construction in Jinhae-gu, which is tentatively set to open in 2016.[19]
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Established |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changwon LG Sakers | Basketball | KBL | Changwon Indoor Stadium | 1997 |
| Changwon City FC | Association football | National League | Changwon Football Center | 2005 |
| Gyeongnam FC | Association football | K-League | Changwon Football Center | 2006 |
| NC Dinos | Baseball | Korea Professional Baseball | Masan Baseball Stadium | 2011[20] |
There is also a Formula 3 race, the Korea Super Prix.
Annual Festivals[edit]
- Changwon Festival(In October)
- Gagopa Flower Festival (In October)
- Jinhae Gunhang Festival (In April)
See Wikipedia Jinhae page: Cherry Blossom Festival
Festival Website : http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_2_1.jsp?cid=700520
- Masan Seafood Market Festival (In Fall)
- Masan International Theater Festival (on May)
- Jindong Seafood Festival (In April)
Museums[edit]
KNA Museums (Korea Naval Academy Museum)
Masan Museum
Kyungnam University Museum
Changwon National University Museum
Energy Science and Environment Park
Jinhae Museum
Folk Art Village & Historical Jinhae Museum
Changwon Science Center
3•15 Art Museum
Munsin Museum
Gyeongnam Provincial Museum
Daesan Museum
Media[edit]
Changwon roles as the major distributor of media for its province that provides television, newspaper specifically by Changwon KBS, Changwon MBC, Gyeongnam News and The Kyongnamdomin Ilbo.
Transportation[edit]
Bike sharing[edit]
Changwon is served by the Nubija bike sharing system [21] which stands at around 5,000.
Roads and Highways[edit]
Namhae highway 10, Guma highway 102, Changwon boulevard, Woni boulevard, Gongdan boulevard, Road 5, Road 25, Road 2. Changwon Cross-Country Bus Terminal Station, Masan Cross-Country Bus Terminal Station and Jinhae Cross-Country Bus Terminal Station.
Rail[edit]
The city is on the Gyeongjeon Line (Gwangju-Samnangjin). This line stretches along the southern coast of South Korea and connects regions of Jeolla and Gyeongsang. Usually, this line is regarded as a set of branch lines that feeds local traffic into the major lines. Some KTX train detours to Changwon.
Changwon has 9 train stations: Changwon central station (Changwon JungAng), Changwon Station, Masan Station, Sin Changwon Station, Changwon south(closed), Sungju temple station (closed), Ducksan Station, and Jungri station.
Changwon is also served by the Jinhae Line.
Seaports[edit]
Masan port is the main port in changwon city.
Changwon port is the sub port of Masan port.
Jinhae port is a port of the Korean Navy.
Pusan New Port is a new port in Korea; it is located in between the cities of Busan and Jinhae.
Airport[edit]
Gimhae International Airport (PUS) is 35 km away from the city center. In 2010, the airport was the 3rd busiest airport in South Korea, handling over 8.2 million passengers.
Metro[edit]
The government of Changwon plans to construct a metro system in 2021. It is planned to be 33.9 km (21.1 mi) long throughout the city.
Sister Cities[edit]
Viña del Mar, Chile
Jacksonville, United States- Jersey City, United States
Zapopan, Mexico- Annapolis, United States
Ma'anshan, China
Da Nang, Vietnam- Shulan, China
Kure, Japan
Ussuriysk, Russia- Himeji, Japan
- Mỹ Tho, Vietnam
- Yamaguchi, Japan
- Guadalajara, Mexico
Almost all of the Sister cities listed above are similar to Changwon in that they are a port city and/or a recognized industrial city.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Promotional Video". Changwon City Hall. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
- ^ "Changwon Logo". Changwon City Hall. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ "Changwon slogan". Changwon City Hall. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ "History of Changwon". Changwon cityhall. Retrieved Nov 17, 2010.
- ^ "City and Street Changwon blov". Seoul News. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ^ "10th Ramsar Conference of Parties to the Convention opened in Changwon". Yonhap News. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
- ^ "Nubija". YTN. Retrieved Oct 22, 2008.
- ^ "Wansu-Park was elected the first mayor of Unified Changwon city". Yonhap News. Retrieved Nov 16, 2010.
- ^ "Unified Changwon launched". MBC. Retrieved Nov 16, 2010.
- ^ "Changwon National Industrial Complex exceeded 2,000 companies". Chosun News. Retrieved Nov 16, 2010.
- ^ "평년값자료(1981−2010) 창원(155)". Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2011−05−21.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "Changwon GRDP 21 trillion won". Hankuk economy news. Retrieved Nov 16, 2010.
- ^ "Changwon city schools". Gyeongsangnam-do Changwon Office of Education. Retrieved Nov 16, 2010.
- ^ "History of Changwon National University". Changwon National University. Retrieved Nov 17, 2010.
- ^ "History of Kyungnam University". Kyungnam University. Retrieved Nov 17, 2010.
- ^ "Students of Kyungnam University". Kyungnam University. Retrieved Nov 17, 2010.
- ^ "Korea Naval Academy". Korea Naval Academy. Retrieved Nov 17, 2010.
- ^ "list of Changwon Department of Public Health Center". Changwon Department of Public Health. Retrieved Nov 17, 2010.
- ^ "Changwon City Choses Jinhae as the Final Site for the New Changwon Stadium". Arirang TV. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ "Baseball-South Korea league adds new team for 2013". Reuters. Reuters. February 10, 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ Official website (Korean)
External links[edit]
- City government website
- City Mayors profile
- Gyeongnam Institute of Cultural Properties
- Changwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage
Category:Cities in South Gyeongsang Province Category:Port cities and towns in South Korea Category:Planned comminities