User:Kinanat0212

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Anatomy[edit]

When it comes to the stability and the structure of the pelvis, or pelvic girdle, understanding its function as support for the trunk and legs helps to recognize the effect a pelvic fracture has on someone [1]. The pubic bone, the ischium and the ilium make up the pelvic girdle, fused together as one unit. They attach to both sides of the spine and circle around to create a ring and sockets to place hip joints. Attachment to the spine is important to direct force into the trunk from the legs as movement occurs, extending to one’s back. This requires the pelvis to be strong enough to withstand pressure and energy. Various muscles play important roles in pelvic stability.

Mechanisms[edit]

The different forces on the pelvis result in different fractures. [2]. The most common force type, Lateral Compression (LC) forces, from side-impact automobile accidents and pedestrian injuries, can result in an internal rotation [3][4]. The pubic rami may fracture anteriorly, for example. Forces from an anterior or posterior direction, like head-on car accidents, usually cause external rotation of the hemipelvis, an “open-book” injury [5]. Open fractures have increased risk of infection and hemorrhaging from vessel injury, leading to higher mortality [6]. Injuries from shear forces, like falls from above, can result in disruption of ligaments or bones. When multiple forces occur, it is called combined mechanical injury (CMI). [7]. There are multiple ways to classify pelvic fractures, one of them being the Young-Burgess classification, which includes Anteroposterior compression type I, II and III, Lateral compression types I, II and III, and Vertical Shear [8]. Sometimes they are determined based on stability or instability [9].

Superior view, Pelvic Fracture Types (2006). Force and break are shown by matching color: Anteroposterior compression type I (orange), Anteroposterior compression type II (green), Anteroposterior compression type III (blue); Lateral compression type I (red), Lateral compression type II (purple), F. Lateral compression type III (black). Increased force and breaks are shown by increasing size.

This fracture is best viewed anteriorly, while the other fractures are viewed superiorly. The arrow indicates where the force is coming from, and the colored lines indicate where the break occurs.

Signs and Symptoms[edit]

Complications are likely to result in cases of excess blood loss or punctures to certain organs, possibly leading to shock [10][11]Swelling and bruising may result, more so in high-impact injuries [12][13]. Pain in the affected areas may differ where severity of impact increases its likelihood and may radiate if symptoms are aggravated when one moves around [14].

  1. ^ Dimon Jr., T. (2011). The Body in Motion: Its Evolution and Design (pp. 49-56). Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
  2. ^ McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Fractures. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 68(4), 91-281. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.sportssurgerynewyork.com/articles/diagnosis-management-pelvic fractures.pdf
  3. ^ Lee, C., & Porter, K. (2007, February). The prehospital management of pelvic fractures. Emerg Med J., 24(2), 130-133. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658194/
  4. ^ McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Fractures. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 68(4), 91-281. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.sportssurgerynewyork.com/articles/diagnosis-management-pelvic fractures.pdf
  5. ^ McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Fractures. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 68(4), 91-281. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.sportssurgerynewyork.com/articles/diagnosis-management-pelvic fractures.pdf
  6. ^ Rothenberger, D., Velasco, R., Strate, R., Fischer, R., & Perry, J. (1978). Open pelvic fracture: a lethal injury [Abstract]. The Journal of Trauma, 18(3), 184-187. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/642044
  7. ^ McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Fractures. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 68(4), 91-281. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.sportssurgerynewyork.com/articles/diagnosis-management-pelvic fractures.pdf
  8. ^ Walker, J. (2011). Pelvic fractures: classification and nursing mangement. Nursing Standard, 49- 57. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://0- web.ebscohost.com.opac.library.csupomona.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6844b553-7735-4e8f-9175-9f3435d4cf81%40sessionmgr115&vid=1&hid=118
  9. ^ Young, J. R., & Resnik, C. S. (1990, December). Fracture of the Pelvis: Current Concepts of Classification. American Journal of Roentgenology, 1169-1175. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.ajronline.org/content/155/6/1169.full.pdf
  10. ^ Fracture of the Pelvis. (2007). In OrthoInfo. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00223
  11. ^ Walker, J. (2011). Pelvic fractures: classification and nursing mangement. Nursing Standard, 49- 57. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://0- web.ebscohost.com.opac.library.csupomona.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6844b553-7735-4e8f-9175-9f3435d4cf81%40sessionmgr115&vid=1&hid=118
  12. ^ Fracture of the Pelvis. (2007). In OrthoInfo. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00223
  13. ^ McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Fractures. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 68(4), 91-281. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.sportssurgerynewyork.com/articles/diagnosis-management-pelvic fractures.pdf
  14. ^ Pelvic Stress Fracture. (2008). In PhysioAdvisor.com. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/14748350/pelvic-stress-fracture-physioadvisor.htm
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