User:Kosciuszko's Army/temp EC Open

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Map of the Electoral College 2016 presidential election

The United States Electoral College is the group of 538 individuals, chosen on Election Day by the citizens of the United States in each state and the District of Columbia, that elects the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States. [1][2] The Office of the Federal Register is charged with administering the Electoral College.[3]

Each state chooses electors, equal in number to that state's combined total of senators and representatives. The Constitution bars any federal official, elected or appointed, from being an elector. There are a total of 538 electors, corresponding to the 435 representatives and 100 senators, plus the three electors for the District of Columbia as provided by the Twenty-third Amendment.[4] In each state and the District of Columbia, electors are chosen every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, and then meet to cast ballots on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.[5] The Twelfth Amendment requires each elector to cast one vote for president and another vote for vice president.[6] The candidates who receive a majority of electoral votes among the states are elected president and vice president of the United States when the Electoral College vote is certified by Congress in January. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president, then the Senate will select the vice president, with each of the 100 senators having one vote.[7][8]

All states except California (before 1913), Maine, and Nebraska have chosen electors on a "winner-take-all" basis since the 1880s.[9] Under the winner-take-all system, the state's electors are awarded to the candidate with the most votes in that state, thus maximizing the state's influence in the national election. Maine and Nebraska use the "congressional district method," selecting one elector within each congressional district by popular vote and awarding two electors by a statewide popular vote.[10] Since the mid-19th century when all electors have been popularly chosen, the Electoral College has elected the candidate who received the most popular votes nationwide, except in four elections: 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. In 1824, there were six states in which electors were legislatively appointed, rather than popularly elected, so the true national popular vote is uncertain; the electors failed to select a winning candidate, so the matter was decided by the House of Representatives.[11] Although no elector is required by federal law to honor his pledge, there have been very few occasions when an elector voted contrary to a pledge, and never once has it impacted the final outcome of a national election.[12][13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Bromwich, Jonah Engel (November 8, 2016). "How Does the Electoral College Work?". The New York Times.
  2. ^ Black, Eric (October 17, 2012). "Why the Constitution's Framers didn't want us to directly elect the president". MinnPost.
  3. ^ Zak, Dan (November 16, 2016). "The electoral college isn't a real place. But someone has to answer all the angry phone calls these days". Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  4. ^ Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the Constitution
  5. ^ "U. S. Electoral College: Roles and Responsibilities".
  6. ^ Kuroda, Tadahisa (1994). The Origins of the Twelfth Amendment: The Electoral College in the Early Republic, 1787–1804. Greenwood. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-313-29151-7. OCLC 29518703.
  7. ^ Library of Congress – Election Process Archived April 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Electoral College Fast Facts – US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives".
  9. ^ Morris, Irwin L. (2010). The American Presidency: An Analytical Approach. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-139-49162-4. OCLC 607985767.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference ecollege was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Gore, D'Angelo (December 23, 2016). "Presidents Winning Without Popular Vote". FactCheck.org.
  12. ^ "Appointment of 2004 Electors for President and Vice President of the United States".
  13. ^ Many states have laws designed to ensure electors vote for their pledged candidate, but the constitutionality of these laws has never been positively established. See The Green Papers
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