User:Kosigrim/P-clades

Phylogenetic relationships in a form of cladogram (clade concept) of primates (data from^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11])

Fossil discoveries have increased our knowledge of the morphology and diversity of early Haplorrhini, the suborder to which humans belong. Two great clades of living primates exist, the Strepsirrhini (Lemuriformes, Chiromyiformes, and Lorisiformes) and the Haplorrhini(Tarsiiformes and Simiiformes). Phylogenetic analysis of fossil taxa supports the hypotheses that a haplorrhine-strepsirrhine dichotomy existed at earliest Eocene. The oldest well-known anthropoids (Parapithecidae and Oligopithecidae) come from the late Eocene of Egypt about 37 million years ago. Functional analysis suggests that stem haplorrhines were small, nocturnal, arboreal, visually oriented insectivore-frugivores with a scurrying-leaping locomotion. A change from nocturnality to diurnality was the fundamental adaptive shift that occurred at the base of the tarsier-eosimiid-anthropoid clade.

References[edit]

^ C. Ross, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 469–548
^ D. L. Gebo, E. L. Simons, D. T. Rasmussen, M. Dagosto, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 203–234
^ K. C. Beard, Y. Tong, M. R. Dawson, J. Wang, X. Huang, Science 272, 82 (1996)
^ R. F. Kay and B. A. Williams, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 361–446
^ K. C. Beard, M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, M. Godinot, Nature 331, 712 (1988); H. H. Covert and B. A. Williams, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 29–54; M. Dagosto and D. L. Gebo, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 567–594
^ K. C. Beard and R. D. E. MacPhee, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 55–98
^ M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, K. C. Beard, T. Qi, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 99, 92 (1996)
^ E. L. Simons, D. T. Rasmussen, P. D. Gingerich, J. Hum. Evol. 29, 577 (1995)
^ M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, K. C. Beard, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 15, 25A (1995)
^ M. Dagosto and P. Schmid, J. Hum. Evol. 30, 29 (1996)
^ K. D. Rose, R. D. E. MacPhee, J. P. Alexander, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 22 (suppl.), 202 (1996)

See also[edit]

Extant primate families

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Infraclass Eutheria
Superorder Euarchontoglires

Strepsirrhini

Lorisoidea

Lemuroidea

Chiromyiformes	Daubentoniidae
Cheirogaleidae Lemuridae Lepilemuridae Indriidae

Haplorhini

Tarsiidae

Simian

Platyrrhini

Catharrhini

Cercopithecidae
Hominoidea	Hylobatidae Hominidae

Human evolution

Taxonomy
(Hominins)

Last common ancestors

Australopithecines

Nakalipithecus Orrorin Sahelanthropus Kenyanthropus
Ardipithecus	A. kadabba A. ramidus
Australopithecus	A. afarensis A. africanus A. anamensis A. bahrelghazali A. deyiremeda A. garhi A. sediba
Paranthropus	P. aethiopicus P. boisei P. robustus

Humans and
proto-humans
(Homo)

Proto-humans

H. gautengensis (?) H. habilis H. naledi H. rudolfensis (?) H. tsaichangensis (?)
Homo erectus	H. e. erectus H. e. georgicus H. e. lantianensis H. e. nankinensis H. e. pekinensis H. e. soloensis H. e. tautavelensis H. e. yuanmouensis

Archaic humans

Modern humans

Homo sapiens	H. s. sapiens (archaic homo sapiens, anatomically modern humans) Jebel Irhoud H. s. idaltu Cro-Magnon Manot people Tam Pa Ling Red Deer Cave people

Ancestors

Homo habilis → Homo ergaster / Homo erectus (→ Homo antecessor)^? → Homo heidelbergensis → archaic Homo sapiens → Homo sapiens

Models

General models	Hunting Gathering Endurance running Aquatic ape Sexual selection Self-domestication
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