User:Kweetal nl/IOC132/Laridae

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Family Laridae - Gulls, Terns, Skimmers [1]

The skimmers Rynchops and terns are embedded among the gulls in a monophyletic clade; separation of the families Rynchopidae and Sternidae would render the gull family Laridae paraphyletic relative to these other two groups (Baker et al. 2008).

Laridae   genera: 22
Laridae   species: 103
Laridae   subspecies: 126

Laridae   Breeding Range: MA, AO, TrO, AF, Worldwide, SO, IO, PAL, NA, OR, AU, PO, SA [2]

Laridae[edit]

Common name Species + authority Br.
range		 au yr id
Brown noddy Anous stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758) TrO Linn 1758 1
Lesser noddy Anous tenuirostris (Temminck, 1823) IO Temm 1823 2
Black noddy Anous minutus Boie, F, 1844 PO, AO Boie 1844 3
Blue noddy Anous ceruleus (Bennett, FD, 1840) PO Benn 1840 4
Grey noddy Anous albivitta (Bonaparte, 1856) PO Bona 1856 5
White tern Gygis alba (Sparrman, 1786) TrO Spar 1786 6
Black skimmer Rynchops niger Linnaeus, 1758 MA, NA, SA Linn 1758 7
African skimmer Rynchops flavirostris Vieillot, 1816 AF Viei 1816 8
Indian skimmer Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838 OR Swai 1838 9
Swallow-tailed gull Creagrus furcatus (Néboux, 1842) SA Nébo 1842 10
Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, PAL Linn 1758 11
Red-legged kittiwake Rissa brevirostris (Bruch, 1855) NA Bruc 1855 12
Ivory gull Pagophila eburnea (Phipps, 1774) NA, PAL Phip 1774 13
Sabine's gull Xema sabini (Sabine, 1819) NA, PAL Sabi 1819 14
Slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus genei (Brème, 1839) AF, PAL Brèm 1839 15
Bonaparte's gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord, 1815) NA Ord 1815 16
Silver gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) AU Step 1826 17
Black-billed gull Chroicocephalus bulleri (Hutton, FW, 1871) AU Hutt 1871 18
Andean gull Chroicocephalus serranus (Tschudi, 1844) SA Tsch 1844 19
Brown-headed gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840) PAL Jerd 1840 20
Brown-hooded gull Chroicocephalus maculipennis (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) SA Lich 1823 21
Black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766) PAL Linn 1766 22
Grey-headed gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1818) AF, SA Viei 1818 23
Hartlaub's gull Chroicocephalus hartlaubii (Bruch, 1855) AF Bruc 1855 24
Saunders's gull Chroicocephalus saundersi Swinhoe, 1871 PAL Swin 1871 25
Little gull Hydrocoloeus minutus (Pallas, 1776) PAL Pall 1776 26
Ross's gull Rhodostethia rosea (MacGillivray, W, 1824) NA, PAL MacG 1824 27
Dolphin gull Leucophaeus scoresbii (Traill, 1823) SA Trai 1823 28
Lava gull Leucophaeus fuliginosus (Gould, 1841) SA Goul 1841 29
Laughing gull Leucophaeus atricilla (Linnaeus, 1758) MA, NA, SA Linn 1758 30
Franklin's gull Leucophaeus pipixcan (Wagler, 1831) NA Wagl 1831 31
Grey gull Leucophaeus modestus (Tschudi, 1843) SA Tsch 1843 32
Relict gull Ichthyaetus relictus (Lönnberg, 1931) PAL Lönn 1931 33
Audouin's gull Ichthyaetus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826) PAL Payr 1826 34
Mediterranean gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus (Temminck, 1820) PAL Temm 1820 35
Pallas's gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (Pallas, 1773) PAL Pall 1773 36
White-eyed gull Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus (Temminck, 1825) AF Temm 1825 37
Sooty gull Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1855) AF, PAL Bruc 1855 38
Pacific gull Larus pacificus Latham, 1801 AU Lath 1801 39
Belcher's gull Larus belcheri Vigors, 1829 SA Vigo 1829 40
Olrog's gull Larus atlanticus Olrog, 1958 SA Olro 1958 41
Black-tailed gull Larus crassirostris Vieillot, 1818 PAL Viei 1818 42
Heermann's gull Larus heermanni Cassin, 1852 MA, NA Cass 1852 43
Common gull Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758 NA, PAL Linn 1758 44
Short-billed gull Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson, 1831 NA Rich 1831 45
Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis Ord, 1815 NA Ord 1815 46
California gull Larus californicus Lawrence, 1854 NA Lawr 1854 47
Great black-backed gull Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758 NA, PAL Linn 1758 48
Kelp gull Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823 AU, AF, SA Lich 1823 49
Glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens Naumann, JF, 1840 NA, PAL Naum 1840 50
Western gull Larus occidentalis Audubon, 1839 MA, NA Audu 1839 51
Yellow-footed gull Larus livens Dwight, 1919 MA, NA Dwig 1919 52
Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767 NA, PAL Gunn 1767 53
Iceland gull Larus glaucoides Meyer, B, 1822 NA, PAL Meye 1822 54
European herring gull Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763 PAL Pont 1763 55
American herring gull Larus smithsonianus Coues, 1862 NA Coue 1862 56
Vega gull Larus vegae Palmén, 1887 PAL Palm 1887 57
Caspian gull Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811 PAL Pall 1811 58
Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis Naumann, JF, 1840 PAL Naum 1840 59
Armenian gull Larus armenicus Buturlin, 1934 PAL Butu 1934 60
Slaty-backed gull Larus schistisagus Stejneger, 1884 PAL Stej 1884 61
Lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 PAL Linn 1758 62
Gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, JF, 1789) MA, NA, AF, OR, SA, PAL Gmel 1789 63
Australian tern Gelochelidon macrotarsa (Gould, 1837) AU Goul 1837 64
Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770) AU, NA, OR, PAL Pall 1770 65
Royal tern Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert, 1783) MA, NA, SA Bodd 1783 66
Greater crested tern Thalasseus bergii (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) AU, AF, OR Lich 1823 67
Lesser crested tern Thalasseus bengalensis (Lesson, RP, 1831) AU, AF, OR Less 1831 68
West African crested tern Thalasseus albididorsalis (Hartert, EJO, 1921) AF Hart 1921 69
Chinese crested tern Thalasseus bernsteini (Schlegel, 1863) PAL Schl 1863 70
Sandwich tern Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham, 1787) AF, PAL Lath 1787 71
Cabot's tern Thalasseus acuflavidus (Cabot, S, 1847) MA, NA, SA Cabo 1847 72
Elegant tern Thalasseus elegans (Gambel, 1849) MA, NA Gamb 1849 73
Little tern Sternula albifrons (Pallas, 1764) AU, AF, OR, PAL Pall 1764 74
Saunders's tern Sternula saundersi (Hume, 1877) AF, PAL Hume 1877 75
Least tern Sternula antillarum Lesson, RP, 1847 MA, NA Less 1847 76
Yellow-billed tern Sternula superciliaris (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 77
Peruvian tern Sternula lorata (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) SA Phil 1861 78
Fairy tern Sternula nereis Gould, 1843 AU Goul 1843 79
Damara tern Sternula balaenarum Strickland, 1853 AF Stri 1853 80
Aleutian tern Onychoprion aleuticus (Baird, SF, 1869) NA, PAL Bair 1869 81
Spectacled tern Onychoprion lunatus (Peale, 1849) PO Peal 1849 82
Bridled tern Onychoprion anaethetus (Scopoli, 1786) TrO Scop 1786 83
Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1766) TrO Linn 1766 84
River tern Sterna aurantia Gray, JE, 1831 OR Gray 1831 85
Roseate tern Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813 Worldwide Mont 1813 86
White-fronted tern Sterna striata Gmelin, JF, 1789 AU Gmel 1789 87
Black-naped tern Sterna sumatrana Raffles, 1822 AU, AF, OR Raff 1822 88
South American tern Sterna hirundinacea Lesson, RP, 1831 SA Less 1831 89
Common tern Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 NA, PAL Linn 1758 90
White-cheeked tern Sterna repressa Hartert, EJO, 1916 AF, PAL Hart 1916 91
Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763 NA, PAL Pont 1763 92
Antarctic tern Sterna vittata Gmelin, JF, 1789 SO Gmel 1789 93
Kerguelen tern Sterna virgata Cabanis, 1875 IO Caba 1875 94
Forster's tern Sterna forsteri Nuttall, 1834 MA, NA Nutt 1834 95
Snowy-crowned tern Sterna trudeaui Audubon, 1838 SA Audu 1838 96
Black-bellied tern Sterna acuticauda Gray, JE, 1831 OR Gray 1831 97
Black-fronted tern Chlidonias albostriatus (Gray, GR, 1845) AU Gray 1845 98
Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas, 1811) AU, AF, OR, PAL Pall 1811 99
White-winged tern Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck, 1815) PAL Temm 1815 100
Black tern Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, PAL Linn 1758 101
Large-billed tern Phaetusa simplex (Gmelin, JF, 1789) SA Gmel 1789 102
Inca tern Larosterna inca (Lesson, RP & Garnot, 1827) SA Less 1827 103


Laridae genera[edit]

Genus + authority spp Br.
range		 au yr id Comment
Anous Stephens, 1826 5 AO IO PO TrO Step 1826 1
Gygis Wagler, 1832 1 TrO Wagl 1832 2
Rynchops Linnaeus, 1758 3 OR NA AF MA SA Linn 1758 3
Creagrus Bonaparte, 1854 1 SA Bona 1854 4
Rissa Stephens, 1826 2 NA PAL Step 1826 5
Pagophila Kaup, 1829 1 NA PAL Kaup 1829 6
Xema Leach, 1819 1 NA PAL Leac 1819 7
Chroicocephalus Eyton, 1836 11 AU NA AF PAL SA Eyto 1836 8
Hydrocoloeus Kaup, 1829 1 PAL Kaup 1829 9
Rhodostethia MacGillivray, W, 1842 1 NA PAL MacG 1842 10
Leucophaeus Bruch, 1855 5 NA MA SA Bruc 1855 11
Ichthyaetus Kaup, 1829 6 AF PAL Kaup 1829 12
Larus Linnaeus, 1758 24 AU NA AF PAL MA SA Linn 1758 13
Gelochelidon Brehm, CL, 1830 2 OR AU NA AF PAL MA SA Breh 1830 14
Hydroprogne Kaup, 1829 1 OR AU NA PAL Kaup 1829 15
Thalasseus Boie, F, 1822 8 OR AU NA AF PAL MA SA Boie 1822 16
Sternula Boie, F, 1822 7 OR AU NA AF PAL MA SA Boie 1822 17 See Bridge et al. (2005) for revision of tern genera.
Onychoprion Wagler, 1832 4 NA PO PAL TrO Wagl 1832 18
Sterna Linnaeus, 1758 13 OR AU Worldwide SO NA AF IO PAL MA SA Linn 1758 19
Chlidonias Rafinesque, 1822 4 OR AU NA AF PAL Rafi 1822 20
Phaetusa Wagler, 1832 1 SA Wagl 1832 21
Larosterna Blyth, 1852 1 SA Blyt 1852 22


References[edit]

  1. ^ Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.2). https://www.worldbirdnames.org
  2. ^ IOC Ranges
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