User:Lynn Bizreh/sandbox
Pentosuria is a condition where a sugar xylitol[1], a pentose, presents in the urine in unusually high concentrations. It was characterized as an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism in 1908. It is associated with a deficiency of L-xylulose reductase, necessary for xylitol metabolism.[1] L-xylulose is a reducing sugar, so it may give false diagnosis of diabetes, as it is found in high concentrations in urine. However, people with pentosuria do not have nonstandard metabolism of glucose, like diabetics.[2] Patients of Pentosuria have a low concentration of the sugar d-xyloketose.[3] Using, Phenyl pentosazone crystals, phloroglucin reaction, and absorption spectrum, pentose can be traced back as the reducing substance in urine, with those that have pentosuria.[4]
Research has shown that Pentosuria appears in 3 forms. The most widely studied is essential pentosuria, where a couple of grams of L-Xylusol are released into a person’s system daily.[5] Xylulose, contained in red blood cells, is comprised of both a major and minor isozyme.[6] For those diagnosed with essential Pentosuria, the major isozyme appears to be the same as the minor one.[6] Alimentary Pentosuria can be acquired through fruits high in pentose.[5] Finally, drug-induced pentosuria can be developed by those exposed to morphine, fevers, allergies, and some hormones.[5]
Those diagnosed with Pentosuria are predominantly of Jewish root.[1] However, it is a harmless defect, and no cure is needed. [7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Pentosuria (Pathology)". Cite error: The named reference "Britannica Online Encyclopedia" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Knox, W. Eugene (December 1958). "Sir Archibald Garrod's "Inborn Errors of Metabolism" IV.Pentosuria". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 10 (4): 388. PMC 1931884. PMID 13606116.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Greenwald, Isidor (17). "THE NATURE OF THE SUGAR IN FOUR CASES OF PENTOSURIA.*". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 88: 1,2. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)76792-6. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Stookey, L.B. (May 1909). "Pentosuria". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 6 (5): 135–136. doi:10.3181/00379727-6-72. S2CID 209361414. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b c B.Tower, Donald (January 1956). "Nature and Significance of Pentosuria in Neuromuscular Disease". Neurology. 6 (137): 37. doi:10.1212/WNL.6.1.37. PMID 13280026. S2CID 24664586. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b Lane, A.B. (February 1984). "On the Nature of L-Xylulose Reductase Deficiency in Essential Pentosuria". Biochemical Genetics. 23 (1–2): 61. doi:10.1007/BF00499113. S2CID 23655195. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Touster, Oscar (May 1959). "Pentose Metabolism and Pentosuria". The American Journal of Medicine. 26 (5): 724–739. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(59)90231-1. PMID 13649698. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)