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Belnap, Jeffrey. “Diego Rivera’s Greater America Pan-American Patronage, Indigenism, and H.P.” Cultural Critique, no. 63, 2006, pp. 61–98, www.jstor.org/stable/4489247.

Oles, James (2022-07-19). Diego Rivera's America. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-34440-2.

Lewisohn, Sam A. “Mexican Murals and Diego Rivera.” Parnassus, vol. 7, no. 7, Dec. 1935, p. 11, https://doi.org/10.2307/771362.

Wolfe, Bertram D. “Diego Rivera--People’s Artist.” The Antioch Review, vol. 7, no. 1, 1947, pp. 99–108, www.jstor.org/stable/4609195.

Representation of women[edit]

The composition of the mural is sprawling and dynamic, featuring a diverse array of figures that symbolize the cultural amalgamation of the Americas. Among the many characters, the portrayal of female figures becomes a focal point for analysis regarding gender norms. Rivera, known for his progressive political ideologies, orchestrates a visual narrative that challenges and reinforces traditional gender norms. The poses of the female figures vary, encompassing roles that span from agricultural labor to intellectual pursuits, suggesting a deliberate effort to depict women in diverse and empowered roles. However, some figures exhibit traditional femininity, raising questions about whether Rivera fully subverts established gender roles. The gaze of these female figures is equally varied — some meet the viewer’s gaze with confidence, while others are engrossed in their activities, creating a nuanced interplay between agency and objectification.