User:Mr. Ibrahem/Alcoholic liver disease
| Alcoholic liver disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) |
 | |
| Microscopy of liver showing fatty change, cell necrosis, Mallory bodies | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology |
| Symptoms | Vomiting, abdominal pain, yellowish skin[1] |
| Complications | Variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular cancer[2] |
| Causes | Higher levels of alcohol use[1] |
| Risk factors | Obesity, hepatitis C[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Other causes of hepatitis, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease[1] |
| Treatment | Stopping alcohol, avoiding high dose paracetamol, dietary support, liver transplant[2][1] |
| Frequency | Common[2] |
| Deaths | 580,000 (2016)[2] |
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a term that encompasses liver problems due to alcohol.[1] Ranked in severity it includes fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis.[2][1] Symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, or yellowish skin.[1] Complications may include variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular cancer.[2]
It occurs as a result of higher levels of alcohol use (more than 21 drinks per week in men and 14 drinks per week in women).[1] Risk factors include greater intake and longer duration of use.[1] Other factors include obesity and hepatitis C.[1] The degree of liver problems can be assessed with medical imaging, blood tests, and liver biopsy.[2] AST is generally increased more than the ALT.[1]
Treatment is by stopping the drinking of alcohol.[2] Dietary support and the avoidance of higher doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen) is recommended.[1] In some cases steroids may be used.[1] In severe disease a liver transplant may be recommended.[2] Fatty liver may resolve.[1]
More than 90% heavy drinkers develop fatty liver, about 25% alcoholic hepatitis, and 15% cirrhosis.[3] ALD is the most common form of long-term liver disease globally.[2] Europeans are most commonly affected.[1] Out of the 1.3 million deaths due to chronic liver disease in 2016, an estimated 27% were due to alcohol.[2] An additional 245,000 deaths occurred as a result of liver cancer due to alcohol.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Patel, R; Mueller, M (January 2021). "Alcoholic Liver Disease". PMID 31536239.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Seitz, HK; Bataller, R; Cortez-Pinto, H; Gao, B; Gual, A; Lackner, C; Mathurin, P; Mueller, S; Szabo, G; Tsukamoto, H (16 August 2018). "Alcoholic liver disease". Nature reviews. Disease primers. 4 (1): 16. doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0014-7. PMID 30115921.
- ^ Basra, Sarpreet (2011). "Definition, epidemiology and magnitude of alcoholic hepatitis". World Journal of Hepatology. 3 (5): 108–113. doi:10.4254/wjh.v3.i5.108. PMC 3124876. PMID 21731902.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)