User:Mr. Ibrahem/Anal fissure
| Anal fissure | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Fissure in ano, rectal fissure |
 | |
| An anal fissure | |
| Specialty | General surgery |
| Symptoms | Severe pain with bowel movements, rectal bleeding[1] |
| Complications | Anal fistula, fecal incontinence[1] |
| Duration | Few days to few weeks[1] |
| Types | Primary, secondary[1] |
| Causes | Constipation, diarrhea, sexually transmitted infections, inflammatory bowel disease, childbirth, HIV/AIDS, anal cancer, anal sex[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and examination[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Hemorrhoids, perianal abscess, anal fistula[1] |
| Prevention | Sufficient fluid intake[1] |
| Treatment | Sitz baths, pain medication, stool softeners, high-fiber diet, surgery[1] |
| Medication | Glyceryl trinitrate, nifedipine, botox[2] |
| Frequency | Common[1] |
An anal fissure is a break or superficial tear in the skin of the anal canal.[1] Symptoms generally include severe pain with bowel movements and potentially small amounts of rectal bleeding.[1] The pain may last for hours after a bowel movement.[1] They can reoccur and last for more than 6 weeks.[1] Complications may include anal fistula formation and fecal incontinence.[1]
Common causes include constipation and injury.[1] Other causes include diarrhea, sexually transmitted infections, inflammatory bowel disease, childbirth, HIV/AIDS, anal cancer, and anal sex.[1] They typically occur in the midline posteriorly.[1] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and examination.[1]
Initial treatment is often with sitz baths, pain medication, stool softeners, and a high-fiber diet.[1] Other medications that may be used include glyceryl trinitrate or nifedipine applied to the skin or botox injections.[2] If this is not effective surgery, known as a lateral internal sphincterotomy, may be performed.[3] They are common both in children and adults.[1] Males and females are affected equally.[1] The condition was initially described by John Lockhart-Mummery in 1934.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Jahnny, B; Ashurst, JV (January 2020). "Anal Fissures". PMID 30252319.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Nelson, RL; Thomas, K; Morgan, J; Jones, A (15 February 2012). "Non surgical therapy for anal fissure". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD003431. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003431.pub3. PMID 22336789.
- ^ a b Beaty, JS; Shashidharan, M (March 2016). "Anal Fissure". Clinics in colon and rectal surgery. 29 (1): 30–7. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1570390. PMID 26929749.