User:Mr. Ibrahem/Diaper dermatitis
| Diaper dermatitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Irritant diaper dermatitis,[1] napkin dermatitis, diaper rash, nappy rash[2] |
 | |
| Benign diaper rash | |
| Specialty | Pediatrics |
| Symptoms | Redness in the diaper area[3] |
| Complications | Fungal infection, bacterial infection[1] |
| Usual onset | 9 to 24 months[3][1] |
| Duration | 2 to 3 days[1] |
| Types | Irritant contact dermatitis,[3] contact allergies, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis[4] |
| Risk factors | Antibiotics by mouth, gastroenteritis, malnutrition[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on the appearance[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Intertrigo, herpes simplex, molluscum, warts[3][1] |
| Treatment | Frequent diaper changes, cleaning area with warm water, moisturizer cream[3] |
| Medication | Nystatin, bacitracin/polymyxin B, steroid cream[1] |
| Frequency | Common[3] |
Diaper dermatitis, also known as diaper rash, is a generic term applied to skin rashes in the diaper area.[3] Generally there are areas of redness and scaling often with the skin folds spared.[3] If diaper dermatitis is complicated by a bacterial or fungal infection small blisters, involvement of the skin folds, or small areas of redness outside the main area of redness may occur.[3]
Diaper dermatitis is usually a form of irritant contact dermatitis.[3] Less common causes include allergies to substances used in the diaper area, infection, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis.[4] The condition can be worsened by antibiotics by mouth, gastroenteritis, and malnutrition.[3] Infections generally occurs in someone who already has irritant or allergic dermatitis.[3] Diagnosis is usually based on the appearance.[1]
Prevention includes the use of diapers which are superabsorbent and have a low potential to result in allergies.[3] Treatment includes changing diapers as soon as they become dirty, cleaning the area with warm water during diaper changes, and applying moisturizer to the area.[3] In those who also have an infectious component, antifungals such as nystatin or antibiotic creams such as bacitracin/polymyxin B may be used.[3][1] A weak steroid creams may also be helpful.[1]
Diaper dermatitis is the most common rash in babies affected up to half of those in diapers.[1] It occurs most commonly in children 9 to 12 months old and is the reason for up to a quarter of skin related health care visits in those under the age of one.[3] It occurs less commonly in cultures were diapers are less commonly worn.[5] The first clear description of diaper rash dates from 1905, though prior description date from at least 1887.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Shin, Helen T. (2014-04-01). "Diagnosis and Management of Diaper Dermatitis". Pediatric Clinics of North America. Pediatric Dermatology. 61 (2): 367–382. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.11.009. PMID 24636651.
- ^ "Napkin dermatitis | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Cohen, B (May 2017). "Differential Diagnosis of Diaper Dermatitis". Clinical pediatrics. 56 (5_suppl): 16S–22S. doi:10.1177/0009922817706982. PMID 28420251.
- ^ a b Klunk, C; Domingues, E; Wiss, K (July 2014). "An update on diaper dermatitis". Clinics in dermatology. 32 (4): 477–87. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003. PMID 25017459.
- ^ a b Schachner, Lawrence A.; Hansen, Ronald C. (2011). Pediatric Dermatology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 879. ISBN 978-0-7234-3665-2.