User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel
.png) Vaginal ring application (step 1) | |
| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| Ethinylestradiol | Estrogen |
| Etonogestrel | Progestogen |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | NuvaRing, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
| MedlinePlus | a604032 |
| Routes of administration | Vaginal (ring) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel, sold under the brand names NuvaRing among others, is a hormonal vaginal ring used for birth control and to improve menstrual symptoms.[1] It contains ethinylestradiol, an estrogen, and etonogestrel, a progestin.[2] It is used by insertion into the vagina.[1] Pregnancy occurs in about 0.3% of women with perfect use and 9% of women with typical use.[3]
Common side effects include irregular vaginal bleeding, nausea, sore breasts, vaginitis, mood changes, and headache.[4] Rare but serious side effects may include blood clots, toxic shock syndrome, anaphylaxis, gallstones, and liver problems.[4] Use is not recommended in those who both smoke and are over the age of 35.[4] While use in pregnancy is not recommended, such use has not been found to be harmful to the baby.[4] Use during breastfeeding is typically not recommended as it may decrease the milk supply.[4] It mainly works by decreasing gonadotropins thereby stopping ovulation.[4]
The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001.[2] It is available as a generic medication in the United Kingdom.[1] A month supply costs the UK's NHS £29.70 as of 2020.[1] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$468.78.[5] In 2017, it was the 177th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[6][7] Lawsuits were filed in the US against Merck alleging it concealed health risks associated with the product.[8] These were settled for $100 million in 2014.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d BNF (80 ed.). BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2020 – March 2021. p. 843-844. ISBN 978-0-85711-369-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ a b "Ethinyl Estradiol and Etonogestrel (Professional Patient Advice)". Drugs.com. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ^ Trussell, James (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; et al. (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States.
- ^ a b c d e f "NuvaRing - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Mencimer, Stephanie (2009). "Is NuvaRing Dangerous?". Mother Jones. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- ^ "Merck to Dole Out $100 Million in NuvaRing Settlement". Time. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2019.