User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hemoptysis
| Hemoptysis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Haemoptysis, coughing up of blood |
 | |
| Frequently hemoptysis bronchitis is indicated. Lower left: Inflammation of the bronchus can bring about bloody mucus. | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Pulmonology |
| Complications | Lack of oxygen[1] |
| Causes | Common: Acute bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, COPD, cancer[2] Less common: Pulmonary embolism, lung abscess, foreign body, heart failure, lupus, Wegener granulomatosis, mitral valve stenosis, blood clotting problems[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Medical imaging (chest X ray, CT scan), bronchoscopy[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Gastrointestinal bleed, nose bleed, Serratia marcescens infection[2] |
| Treatment | Bleeding lung down, intubating the good lung, angiography for embolization, bronchoscopy, surgery[1] |
| Frequency | 0.1% of patient visits[2] |
Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the lungs or airway.[2] Hemoptysis is considered life threatening if abnormal vitals are present and massive if bleeding is more than 100 mL (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) to 600 mL (21 imp fl oz; 20 US fl oz) in 24 hours.[2] Large amounts of bleeding can result in a lack of oxygen.[1]
The most common cause in adults is acute bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, COPD, and cancer.[2] Less common causes include pulmonary embolism, lung abscess, foreign body, heart failure, lupus, Wegener granulomatosis, mitral valve stenosis, and blood clotting problems.[2] Bleeding that may look like hemoptysis but is not include a gastrointestinal bleed, nose bleed, and Serratia marcescens infection.[2]
Diagnosis generally includes a chest X-ray with a CT scan and bronchoscopy if significant bleeding or other concerns are present.[2] Treatment begins with resuscitation if needed.[2] In large volume bleeding the affected side should be placed down.[1] Other treatments may include intubating just the good lung, angiography for embolization, bronchoscopy, and surgery.[1] Hemoptysis makes up about one in every 1,000 patient visits.[2]