User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hydroxyzine

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Mr. Ibrahem/Hydroxyzine
Clinical data
Pronunciation/haɪˈdrɒksɪziːn/
Trade namesAtarax, Vistaril,[1] others
Other namesUCB-4492
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682866
License data
Dependence
liability		Very low[2]
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intramuscular injection
Drug classFirst generation antihistamine[3]
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityHigh
Protein binding93%
MetabolismLiver
MetabolitesCetirizine, others
Elimination half-lifeAdults: 20.0 hours[4][5]
Children: 7.1 hours[4]
ExcretionUrine, feces
Identifiers
  • (±)-2-(2-{4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)ethanol
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H27ClN2O2
Molar mass374.91 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Clc1ccc(cc1)C(c2ccccc2)N3CCN(CC3)CCOCCO
  • InChI=1S/C21H27ClN2O2/c22-20-8-6-19(7-9-20)21(18-4-2-1-3-5-18)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-16-26-17-15-25/h1-9,21,25H,10-17H2 checkY
  • Key:ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and others, is a medication of the antihistamine type.[6] It is used in the treatment of itchiness, anxiety, and nausea, including that due to motion sickness.[6] It; however, is less preferred to newer antihistamines such as cetirizine or loratadine for hives.[10] It is used either by mouth or injection into a muscle.[6]

Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and a dry mouth.[6][7] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation.[7] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.[6] Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine.[7] It is a first generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals.[6][3]

It was first made by Union Chimique Belge in 1956 and was approved for sale by Pfizer in the United States later that year.[6][11] In the United Kingdom 28 doses cost less than a pound.[7] In the United States the wholesale cost in 2018 was about 0.05 USD per dose.[12] In 2017, it was the 99th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than seven million prescriptions.[13][14]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  2. ^ Hubbard, John R.; Martin, Peter R. (2001). Substance Abuse in the Mentally and Physically Disabled. CRC Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780824744977. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  3. ^ a b "Hydroxyzine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference pmid2866055 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid6141198 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 21 Nov 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. X. ISBN 978-0857112989.
  8. ^ "Hydroxyzine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  9. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  10. ^ Fein, MN; Fischer, DA; O'Keefe, AW; Sussman, GL (2019). "CSACI position statement: Newer generation H1-antihistamines are safer than first-generation H1-antihistamines and should be the first-line antihistamines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria". Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 15: 61. doi:10.1186/s13223-019-0375-9. PMID 31582993.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ Shorter E (2009). Before Prozac: the troubled history of mood disorders in psychiatry. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195368741. Archived from the original on 2020-01-02. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  12. ^ "NADAC as of 2018-11-21". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 2019-06-01. Retrieved 21 Nov 2018.
  13. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  14. ^ "Hydroxyzine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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