User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hypoprolactinemia
| Hypoprolactinemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Prolactin deficiency |
 | |
| Prolactin | |
| Specialty | Gynecology |
| Symptoms | Inability to produce milk after childbirth[1] |
| Complications | Infertility, sexual dysfunction[2] |
| Causes | Sheehan syndrome, pituitary surgery, traumatic brain injury, genetics[1][3][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests[4] |
| Treatment | Formula feeding the baby[5] |
| Frequency | 8 per 100,000 (Spain, 1999)[2] |
Hypoprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by a lack of prolactin, a hypothalamic-pituitary hormone.[2] Symptoms include the inability to produce milk after childbirth.[1] Usually it occurs together with hypopituitarism.[1] Other complications may include infertility and sexual dysfunction.[2]
Causes include Sheehan syndrome, pituitary surgery, traumatic brain injury, and certain genetic mutations.[1][3][2] Diagnosis is by blood tests for prolactin, after being given thyrotropin.[4][6] Confirming the diagnosis; however, is not necessarily required as there is no specific treatment.[6]
While some evidence supports the use of recombinant human prolactin, it is not currently approved for medical use.[2][7] Treatment generally involves formula feeding the baby.[5] Prolactin deficiency alone is rare.[2] It occurs in about 17% of cases of hypopituitarism or about 8 per 100,000 people in Spain as of 1999.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Jerome F. Strauss III; Robert L. Barbieri (28 August 2013). Yen & Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 53–. ISBN 978-1-4557-5972-9. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Tritos, Nicholas A.; Klibanski, Anne (2019). Prolactin Disorders: From Basic Science to Clinical Management. Springer. p. 104. ISBN 978-3-030-11836-5. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
- ^ a b Bondanelli, M; Ambrosio, MR; Zatelli, MC; De Marinis, L; degli Uberti, EC (May 2005). "Hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury". European journal of endocrinology. 152 (5): 679–91. doi:10.1530/eje.1.01895. PMID 15879352.
- ^ a b "Hypopituitarism - Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Prolactin Deficiency Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations". 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Prolactin Deficiency Workup". Emedicine. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Prolactin Deficiency Medication: Antidopaminergic agents". emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.