User:Mr. Ibrahem/Magnesium sulfate (medical use)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
Clinical data
Trade namesEpsom salt, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Routes of
administration		IV, IM, by mouth, topical
Chemical and physical data
FormulaMgSO4 - 7H2O
Molar mass120.366
3D model (JSmol)
  • [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mg+2]
  • InChI=1S/Mg.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
  • Key:CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Magnesium sulfate as a medication is used to treat and prevent low blood magnesium and seizures in women with eclampsia.[2] It is also used in the treatment of torsades de pointes, severe asthma exacerbations, constipation, and barium poisoning.[2][6] It is given by injection into a vein or muscle as well as by mouth.[2][6] As epsom salts, it is also used for mineral baths.[7]

Common side effects include low blood pressure, skin flushing, and low blood calcium.[2] Other side effects may include vomiting, muscle weakness, and decreased breathing.[8] While there is evidence that use during pregnancy may harm the baby, the benefits in certain conditions are greater than the risks.[9] Its use during breastfeeding is deemed to be safe.[9] Magnesium sulfate for medical use is the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate salt.[6] The way it works is not fully understood, but is believed to involve depressing the action of neurons.[2]

Magnesium sulfate came into medical use at least as early as 1618.[10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.35–8.73 per 10 ml of 50% solution.[12] In the United Kingdom 4 ml of 20% solution costs the NHS about 10.23 pounds.[6] In the United States a course of medication typically costs less than $25.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "MAGNESIUM SULFATE = MgSO4 injectable - Essential drugs". medicalguidelines.msf.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Magnesium Sulfate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  3. ^ a b Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 220. ISBN 9781284057560.
  4. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  5. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 696. ISBN 9780857111562.
  7. ^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea (2006). Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses. SME. p. 625. ISBN 9780873352338. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 75. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  9. ^ a b "Magnesium sulfate Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2017-07-02.
  10. ^ Willett, Edward (2006). Magnesium. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 5. ISBN 9781404210073. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18.
  11. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  12. ^ "Magnesium Sulfate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
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