User:Mr. Ibrahem/Neuroendocrine tumor
| Neuroendocrine tumor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Micrograph of a neuroendocrine tumor. H&E stain | |
| Symptoms | Pain, high or low blood sugar, weight loss, carcinoid syndrome[1] |
| Types | Carcinoid tumor, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, medullary thyroid cancer[1] |
| Risk factors | Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN), neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Lab tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy[1] |
| Treatment | Surgery, somatostatin analogues, interferon, chemotherapy, targeted therapy[1] |
| Frequency | 8 per 100,000 per year[1] |
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a group of tumors that arises from cells that receive nerve impulses and release hormones.[1] Around two thirds occur in the intestines, where they are often called carcinoid tumors, but they may also form from the pancreas, lungs, thymus, and other parts of the endocrine system.[1] Symptoms may include pain, high or low blood sugar, and weight loss.[1] Some cases may result in carcinoid syndrome which presents with flushing and diarrhea.[1]
Risk factors include a number of genetic conditions including multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN), neurofibromatosis, and tuberous sclerosis.[1] These tumors are treated as a group because the cells involved share common features, including often producing biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones.[2] They typically grow slowly.[1] Diagnosis may be supported by lab tests, medical imaging, and tissue biopsy.[1]
Early disease may be cured by surgery.[1] For more advanced disease somatostatin analogues, interferon, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy may be used.[1] They affected about 8 per 100,000 people a year.[1] They are more common in people age over 50 years.[1] Males and females appear to be affected equally frequently.[1] Neuroendocrine tumors were first described in 1867 by Theodor Langhans.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Yalcin, Suayib (2015). "1. Introduction to neuroendocrine tumours". In Yalcin, Suayib; Öberg, Kjell (eds.). Neuroendocrine Tumours: Diagnosis and Management. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 1–6. ISBN 978-3-662-45214-1. Archived from the original on 2022-02-06. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
- ^ Ramage JK, Davies AH, Ardill J, et al. (June 2005). "Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours". Gut. 54. 54 (Suppl 4): iv1–iv16. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.053314. PMC 1867801. PMID 15888809.