User:Mr. Ibrahem/Transposition of the great arteries
| Transposition of the great arteries | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Congenital heart defect - transposition, transposition of the great vessels (TGV)[1] |
 | |
| Illustration of transposition of the great arteries | |
| Specialty | Cardiac surgery |
| Symptoms | D-TGA: Bluish skin, fast breathing, poor feeding, heart murmur in first month of life[2][3] L-TGA: Presents later in life with heart failure[2] |
| Usual onset | Present at birth[3] |
| Types | Dextro-TGA, levo-TGA[3] |
| Causes | Unknown[3] |
| Risk factors | Older mother, genetics, maternal diabetes, alcohol, smoking, exposure to rubella during pregnancy[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia[2] |
| Treatment | Surgery[3] |
| Medication | Oxygen, prostaglandin E1[2] |
| Frequency | 1 in 3,400 newborns[3] |
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a heart related birth defect where the position of the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched.[3] There are two main types dextro-TGA (d-TGA) and levo-TGA (l-TGA).[3] D-TGA generally presents with bluish skin, fast breathing, poor feeding, and a heart murmur in the first month of life.[2][3] L-TGA often does not result in symptoms until later in life, when heart failure may develop.[2]
The cause is generally unknown.[3] Risk factors may include an older mother, genetics, maternal diabetes, alcohol, smoking, and exposure to rubella during pregnancy.[4] It is often associated with other heart defects such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or pulmonary stenosis.[3][5] Diagnosis may occur before or after birth via ultrasound.[3]
Treatment of d-TGA is generally with surgery during the first month of life.[3] To stabilize the baby until surgery, oxygen, prostaglandin E1, or balloon atrial septostomy may be carried out.[2] Some may required a heart transplant later in life.[5] Outcomes with d-TGA are relative good with surgery, with survival rates of greater than 90%.[2]
TGA occurs in about 1 in 3,400 newborns.[3] It is the second most common birth defect of the heart that results in cyanosis after Tetrology of Fallot.[6] Dextra-TGA is more common than levo-TGA.[3] TGA was first described in 1797 by Matthew Baillie.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ "Transposition of the Great Arteries - Minnesota Department of Health". www.health.state.mn.us. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Szymanski, MW; Moore, SM; Kritzmire, SM; Goyal, A (January 2021). "Transposition Of The Great Arteries". PMID 30860704.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Congenital Heart Defects - dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b Warnes, Carole A. (2006). "Transposition of the Great Arteries". Circulation. 114 (24): 2699–2709. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.592352. PMID 17159076.
- ^ Coley, Brian D. (2013). Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 858. ISBN 978-1-4557-5360-4.
- ^ Perloff, Joseph K.; Marelli, Ariane (2012). Perloff's Clinical Recognition of Congenital Heart Disease: Expert Consult - Online and Print. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 472. ISBN 978-1-4377-1618-4.