User:Mr. Ibrahem/Triazolam

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Mr. Ibrahem/Triazolam
Clinical data
Trade namesHalcion, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684004
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classBenzodiazepine (BZD)[2]
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability44% (oral route), 53% (sublingual), 98% (intranasal) [[3]]
MetabolismLiver
Onset of action30 min[4]
Elimination half-life1.5–5.5 hours
Duration of actionUp to 4 hrs[4]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 8-Chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H12Cl2N4
Molar mass343.21 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • ClC1=CC=CC=C1C2=NCC3=NN=C(C)N3C4=CC=C(Cl)C=C42
  • InChI=1S/C17H12Cl2N4/c1-10-21-22-16-9-20-17(12-4-2-3-5-14(12)19)13-8-11(18)6-7-15(13)23(10)16/h2-8H,9H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Triazolam, sold under the brand name Halcion among others, is a benzodiazepine (BZD) used short term to treat trouble sleeping.[2] Use is not recommended beyond 10 days.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2] Effects begin in about 30 minutes and last for up to 4 hours.[4]

Common side effects include sleepiness, poor coordination, and nausea.[2] Serious side effect may include insufficient breathing, suicide, anaphylaxis, addiction, agitation, and inability to form new memories.[2] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[2] It appears to work by enhancing the effects of the GABA neurotransmitter.[2]

Triazolam was initially patented in 1970 and approved for medical use in the Netherlands in 1977 but was withdrawn from the market there in 1980.[5][6] It went on sale in the United States in 1982.[6] In 2017, it was the 280th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[7][8] In the United States it costs about 1 USD per dose.[9] Its sale has been banned in the United Kingdom since 1993.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Triazolam (Halcion) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 18 September 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Triazolam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  3. ^ Lui, CY; Amidon, GL; Goldberg, A (1991). "Intranasal absorption of flurazepam, midazolam, and triazolam in dogs". J Pharm Sci. 80 (12): 1125–9. doi:10.1002/jps.2600801207. PMID 1815070.
  4. ^ a b c Newman, Michael G.; Takei, Henry; Klokkevold, Perry R.; Carranza, Fermin A. (29 May 2018). Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 871. ISBN 978-0-323-53323-2. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  5. ^ Halcion : an independent assessment of safety and efficacy data. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 1997. p. Chp 3. ISBN 9780309059763. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  6. ^ a b Shorter, Edward (2005). "B". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190292010. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  7. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Triazolam - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Triazolam Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  10. ^ Dyer, C (13 February 1999). "Edinburgh university fined forlack of safety checks". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 318 (7181): 418B. doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7181.418b. PMID 9974447.
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