User:Mr. Ibrahem/Vertigo
| Vertigo | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Acute dizziness[1] |
 | |
| Horizontal nystagmus, a sign which can accompany vertigo. | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology |
| Symptoms | Feeling of spinning or swaying, vomiting, difficulty walking[2][3] |
| Types | Peripheral, central |
| Causes | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis, stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraine[2][3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Presyncope, disequilibrium, non-specific dizziness[3] |
| Frequency | 20–40% at some point[4] |
Vertigo is a symptom where a person has the sensation of moving or of surrounding objects moving when they are not.[2] Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement.[2][3] This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties walking.[3] It is typically worse when the head is moved.[3] Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness.[3]
The most common diseases that result in vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, and labyrinthitis.[2][3] Less common causes include stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraines, trauma, and uneven pressures between the middle ears.[3][5][6] Physiologic vertigo may occur following being exposed to motion for a prolonged period such as when on a ship or simply following spinning with the eyes closed.[7][8] Other causes may include toxin exposures such as to carbon monoxide, alcohol, or aspirin.[9] Vertigo typically indicates a problem in a part of the vestibular system.[3] Other causes of dizziness include presyncope, disequilibrium, and non-specific dizziness.[3]
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in someone who gets repeated episodes of vertigo with movement and is otherwise normal between these episodes.[10] The episodes should last less than a minute.[3] The Dix-Hallpike test typically produces a period of rapid eye movements known as nystagmus in this condition.[2] In Ménière's disease there is often ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and the attacks of vertigo last more than twenty minutes.[10] In labyrinthitis the onset of vertigo is sudden and the nystagmus occurs without movement.[10] In this condition vertigo can last for days.[3] More severe causes should also be considered; especially if associated with weakness, headache, double vision, or numbness.[10][3]
Dizziness affects approximately 20–40% of people at some point in time, while about 7.5–10% have vertigo.[4] About 5% have vertigo in a given year.[11] It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men.[11] Vertigo accounts for about 2–3% of emergency department visits in the developed world.[11]
References[edit]
- ^ Edlow, JA; Carpenter, C; Akhter, M; Khoujah, D; Marcolini, E; Meurer, WJ; Morrill, D; Naples, JG; Ohle, R; Omron, R; Sharif, S; Siket, M; Upadhye, S; E Silva, LOJ; Sundberg, E; Tartt, K; Vanni, S; Newman-Toker, DE; Bellolio, F (May 2023). "Guidelines for reasonable and appropriate care in the emergency department 3 (GRACE-3): Acute dizziness and vertigo in the emergency department". Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. 30 (5): 442–486. doi:10.1111/acem.14728. PMID 37166022.
- ^ a b c d e f Post, RE; Dickerson, LM (2010). "Dizziness: a diagnostic approach". American Family Physician. 82 (4): 361–369. PMID 20704166. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Hogue, JD (June 2015). "Office Evaluation of Dizziness". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 42 (2): 249–258. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.004. PMID 25979586.
- ^ a b von Brevern, M; Neuhauser, H (2011). "Epidemiological evidence for a link between vertigo & migraine". Journal of Vestibular Research. 21 (6): 299–304. doi:10.3233/VES-2011-0423. PMID 22348934.
- ^ Wicks, RE (January 1989). "Alternobaric vertigo: an aeromedical review". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 60 (1): 67–72. PMID 2647073.
- ^ Buttaro, Terry Mahan; Trybulski, JoAnn; Polgar-Bailey, Patricia; Sandberg-Cook, Joanne (2012). Primary Care - E-Book: A Collaborative Practice (4 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 354. ISBN 978-0323075855. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
- ^ Falvo, Donna R. (2014). Medical and psychosocial aspects of chronic illness and disability (5 ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 273. ISBN 9781449694425. Archived from the original on 2015-07-02.
- ^ Wardlaw, Joanna M. (2008). Clinical neurology. London: Manson. p. 107. ISBN 9781840765182. Archived from the original on 2015-07-02.
- ^ Goebel, Joel A. (2008). Practical management of the dizzy patient (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 97. ISBN 9780781765626. Archived from the original on 2015-07-02.
- ^ a b c d Kerber, KA (2009). "Vertigo and dizziness in the emergency department". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 27 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2008.09.002. PMC 2676794. PMID 19218018.
- ^ a b c Neuhauser HK, Lempert T (November 2009). "Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects" (PDF). Seminars in Neurology. 29 (5): 473–81. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241043. PMID 19834858. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2018-11-04.