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Phonological features cheat sheet

Misconceptions

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"The 'true' IPA is that which describes speech as closely as possible."

"There are only two kinds of phonetic transcription: broad (phonemic) and narrow (allophonic)."

"The International Phonetic Alphabet is, at its core, a phonetic alphabet."

"There is 'the IPA for [a language]'."

"There is one correct way to syllabify English words."

User scripts

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Extra functionality

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  • MoveHistory – Lists the past moves a page has gone through.
  • RCMuter – Hides specified users' edits on Watchlist/RecentChanges.
  • SmartDiff – Makes links and template calls in diffs clickable (supports red links, avoids WP:SEAOFBLUE).

Editing assistance

  • DiffUndo – Adds an undo button to each line on the diff while editing.
  • ExpandContractions – Expands contractions.
  • InsertAnyChar – Insert any character by searching in the entire Unicode chart.
  • IPAInput – Type in IPA symbols by directly looking at an IPA key like Help:IPA/English and clicking on the symbols.
  • RefRenamer – Replaces reference names like ":0" with descriptive ones like "Smith-2015".
  • Unpipe – Converts each piped link to a non-piped one if both lead to the same article.

Itch scratchers

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  • PasteToCommons – Upload an image to Commons from anywhere on the site by pasting it.
  • SortCentralAuthByEditCount – Sorts the list of local accounts on CentralAuth by edit count.
  • TemplatePreviewGuard – Warns when you try to use "Preview page with this template" with a page that doesn't transclude the template.

Pronunciation sources

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Dictionaries

Not citable but potentially useful

Weirdly prescriptive and often inaccurate

User-generated junk

  • Howjsay, Inogolo, Pronounce Names

Google

  • "my name is ...", "i'm ...", "..." "pronounced", "..." "rhymes with", etc.

Search within Wikipedia

  • insource:"IPA xx" intitle:...

Lots of others

The Chaos

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"The Chaos" by Gerard Nolst Trenité:[1][2]

I will teach you in my verse
/ wɪl t j ɪn m vɜːrs/
Sounds like corpse, corps, horse and worse.
/sndz lk kɔːrps kɔːr hɔːrs ən wɜːrs/
It will keep you, Susy, busy,
/ɪt wɪl kp j ˈszi ˈbɪzi/
Make your head with[3] heat grow dizzy;
/mk jʊər hɛd wɪð ht ɡr ˈdɪzi/
Tear in eye your dress you'll tear.
/tɪər ɪn jʊər drɛs jl tɛər/
So shall I! Oh, hear my prayer,
/s ʃəl hɪər m prɛər/
Make my coat look new, dear, sew it?
/mk m kt lʊk nj dɪər s ɪt/
Just compare heart, beard and heard,
/ʌst kəmˈpɛər hɑːrt bɪərd ən hɜːrd/
Dies and diet, lord and word,
/dz ən ˈdət lɔːrd ən wɜːrd/
Sword and sward, retain and Britain,
/sɔːrd ən swɔːrd rɪˈtn ən ˈbrɪtən/
(Mind the latter, how it's written!)
/mnd ðə ˈlætər h ɪts ˈrɪtən/
Made has not the sound of bade,
/md həz nɒt ðə snd əv bæd/
Say—said, pay—paid, laid, but plaid.
/s sɛd p pd ld bət plæd/
Now I surely will not plague you
/n ˈʃʊərli wɪl nɒt plɡ j/
But be careful how you speak,
/bət b ˈkɛərfəl h j spk/
Say break, steak, but bleak and streak,
/s brk stk bət blk ən strk/
Pipe, snipe, recipe and choir,
/pp snp ˈrɛsɪpi ən kwaɪər/
Cloven, oven; how and low;
/ˈklvən ˈʌvən h ən l/
Script, receipt; shoe, poem, toe,
/skrɪpt rɪˈst ʃ ˈpɪm t/
Hear me say, devoid of trickery:
/hɪər m s dɪˈvɔɪd əv ˈtrɪkəri/
Daughter, laughter[5] and Terpsichore,
/ˈdɔːtər ˈlɑːftər ən tɜːrpˈsɪkəri/
Typhoid; measles, topsails, aisles;
/ˈtfɔɪd ˈmzəlz ˈtɒpsəlz lz/
Wholly, holly; signal, signing;
/ˈhli ˈhɒli ˈsɪɡnəl ˈsnɪŋ/
Thames; examining, combining;
/tɛmz ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ kəmˈbnɪŋ/
From "desire": desirableadmirable from "admire";
/frəm dɪˈzaɪər dɪˈzaɪərəbəl ˈædmərəbəl frəm ədˈmaɪər/
Lumber, plumber; bier but brier;
/ˈlʌmbər ˈplʌmər bɪər bət braɪər/
Chatham, brougham;[7] renown but known,
/ˈætəm brm rɪˈnn bət nn/
Knowledge; done, but gone[8] and tone,
/ˈnɒlɪ dʌn bət ɡɒn ən tn/
One, anemone; Balmoral;
/wʌn əˈnɛməni bælˈmɒrəl/
Kitchen, lichen; laundry, laurel;
/ˈkɪɪn ˈlkən ˈlɔːndri ˈlɒrəl/
Scene, Melpomene, mankind;
/sn mɛlˈpɒmɪni mænˈknd/
Tortoise, turquoise,[9] chamois-leather,
/ˈtɔːrtəs ˈtɜːrkwɑːz ˈʃæmi ˈlɛðər/
Reading, Reading, heathen, heather.
/ˈrdɪŋ ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈhðən ˈhɛðər/
Gives moss,[11] gross, brook, brooch, ninth, plinth.
/ɡɪvz mɒs ɡrs brʊk br nnθ plɪnθ/
Billet does not end like ballet;[12]
/ˈbɪlɪt dəz nɒt ɛnd lk ˈbæl/
Blood and flood are not like food,
/blʌd ən flʌd ɑːr nɒt lk fd/
Nor is mould like should and would.
/nɔːr ɪz mld lk ʃʊd ən wʊd/[10]
Which is said to rime with[3] "darky".
/hwɪ ɪz sɛd tə rm wɪð ˈdɑːrki/
Viscous, viscount; load and broad;
/ˈvɪskəs ˈvknt ld ən brɔːd/
Toward, to forward, to reward,
/tɔːrd tə ˈfɔːrwərd t rɪˈwɔːrd/
When you say correctly croquet;[16]
/hwɛn j s kəˈrɛktli ˈkrk/
Rounded, wounded; grieve and sieve;
/ˈrndɪd ˈwndɪd ɡrv ən sɪv/
Friend and fiend; alive and live;
/frɛnd ən fnd əˈlv ən lɪv/
Liberty, library; heave and heaven;
/ˈlɪbərti ˈlbrəri hv ən ˈhɛvən/
We say hallowed, but allowed;
/w s ˈhæld bət əˈld/
People, leopard; towed, but vowed
/ˈppəl ˈlɛpərd td bət vd/
Mark the difference, moreover,
/mɑːrk ðə ˈdɪfərəns mɔːrˈvər/
Leeches, breeches;[18] wise, precise;
/ˈlɪz ˈbrɪɪz wz prɪˈss/
Chalice but police and lice.
/ˈælɪs bət pəˈls ən ls/
Wait, surmise,[20] plait,[21] promise; pal.
/wt sɜːrˈmz plæt ˈprɒmɪs pæl/
Rime with[3] "shirk it" and "beyond it",
/rm wɪð ʃɜːrk ɪt ən biˈɒnd ɪt/
But it is not hard to tell,
/bət ɪt ɪz nɒt hɑːrd tə tɛl/
Why it's pall, mall, but Pall Mall.
/hw ɪts pɔːl mɔːl bət pɛl mɛl/
Muscle, muscular; gaol; iron;
/ˈmʌsəl ˈmʌskjʊlər l aɪərn/
Timber, climber; bullion, lion,
/ˈtɪmbər ˈklmər ˈbʊliən ˈlən/
Worm and storm; chaise, chaos, chair;
/wɜːrm ən stɔːrm ʃz ˈkɒs ɛər/
Ivy, privy; famous, clamour
/ˈvi ˈprɪvi ˈfməs ˈklæmər/
And enamour rime with[3] "hammer."
/ənd ɪˈnæmər rm wɪð ˈhæmər/
Pussy, hussy and possess.
/ˈpʊsi ˈhʌsi ən pəˈzɛs/
Golf,[26] wolf; countenance; lieutenants[27]
/ɡɒlf wʊlf ˈkntənəns lɛfˈtɛnənts/
Hoist, in lieu of flags, left pennants.
/hɔɪst ɪn lj əv flæɡz lɛft ˈpɛnənts/
River, rival; tomb, bomb, comb;
/ˈrɪvər ˈrvəl tm bɒm km/
Doll[28] and roll and some and home.
/dɒl ən rl ən sʌm ən hm/
Soul, but foul and gaunt, but aunt;[30]
/sl bət fl ən ɡɔːnt bət ɑːnt/
Font, front, wont;[31] want,[32] grand, and, grant,[33]
/fɒnt frʌnt wnt wɒnt ɡrænd ənd ɡrɑːnt/
Shoes, goes, does.[34] *) Now first say: finger,
/ʃz ɡz dʌz n fɜːrst s ˈfɪŋɡər/
Real, zeal; mauve,[35] gauze and gauge;
/ˈrəl zl mv ɡɔːz ən ɡ/
Nor does fury sound like bury.
/nɔːr dəz ˈfjʊəri snd lk ˈbɛri/
Dost, lost,[38] post and doth, cloth,[39] loth;
/dʌst lɒst pst ən dʌθ klɒθ lθ/
Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath.
/ɒb b ˈblɒsəm ˈbʊzəm θ/
Though the difference seems little,
/ð ðə ˈdɪfərəns smz ˈlɪtəl/
We say actual, but victual,
/w s ˈækuəl bət ˈvɪtəl/
Seat, sweat, chaste, caste;[40] Leigh, eight, height;
/st swɛt st kɑːst l t ht/
Put, nut; granite, but unite.
/pʊt nʌt ˈɡrænɪt bət jˈnt/
Reefer does not rime with[3] "deafer,"
/ˈrfər dəz nɒt rm wɪð ˈdɛfər/
Feoffer[41] does, and zephyr, heifer.
/ˈfɛfər dʌz ən ˈzɛfər ˈhɛfər/
Dull, bull; Geoffrey, George; ate,[42] late;
/dʌl bʊl ˈɛfri ɔːr ɛt lt/
Hint, pint; senate, but sedate;
/hɪnt pnt ˈsɛnət bət sɪˈdt/
Science, conscience, scientific;
/ˈsəns ˈkɒnʃəns ˌsənˈtɪfɪk/
Tour, but our, and succour, four;
/tʊər bət aʊər ən ˈsʌkər fɔːr/
Youth, south, southern; cleanse and clean;
/jθ sθ ˈsʌðərn klɛnz ən kln/
Doctrine, turpentine, marine.
/ˈdɒktrɪn ˈtɜːrpəntn məˈrn/
Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!
/ hw k k/
Never guess—it is not safe;
/ˈnɛvər ɡɛs ɪt ɪz nɒt sf/
We say calves,[46] valves, half,[47] but Ralf!
/w s kɑːvz vælvz hɑːf bət rf/
Crevice, and device, and eyrie;[49]
/ˈkrɛvɪs ən dɪˈvs ənd ˈɛəri/
Face but preface, but efface,
/fs bət ˈprɛfəs bət ɪˈfs/
Phlegm, phlegmatic; ass, glass,[50] bass;
/flɛm flɛɡˈmætɪk æs ɡlɑːs bs/
Ought, out, joust and scour, but scourging;
/ɔːt t st ən skaʊər bət ˈskɜːrɪŋ/
Ear, but earn; and wear and tear
/ɪər bət ɜːrn ən wɛər ən tɛər/
Do not rime with[3] "here", but "ere".
/d nɒt rm wɪð hɪər bət ɛər/
Seven is right, but so is even;
/ˈsɛvən ɪz rt bət s ɪz ˈvən/
Hyphen, roughen, nephew,[51] Stephen;
/ˈhfən ˈrʌfən ˈnɛvj ˈstvən/
Asp, grasp,[53] wasp; and cork and work.
/æsp ɡrɑːsp wɒsp ən kɔːrk ən wɜːrk/
Pronunciation—think of psyche!—
/prəˌnʌnsiˈʃən θɪŋk əv ˈski/
Is a paling, stout and spikey;
/ɪz ə ˈplɪŋ stt ən ˈspki/
Won't it make you lose your wits,
/wnt ɪt mk j lz jʊər wɪts/
Writing "groats" and saying groats?[54]
/ˈrtɪŋ ɡrts ən ˈsɪŋ ɡrɪts/
It's a dark abyss or tunnel,
/ɪts ə dɑːrk əˈbɪs ɔːr ˈtʌnəl/
Strewn with[3] stones, like rowlock, gunwale,
/strn wɪð stnz lk ˈrɒlək ˈɡʌnəl/
Islington and Isle of Wight,
/ˈɪzlɪŋtən ən l əv wt/
Housewife, verdict and indict!
/ˈhʌzɪf ˈvɜːrdɪkt ən ɪnˈdt/
Finally: which rimes with[3] "enough,"
/ˈfnəli hwɪ rmz wɪð ɪˈnʌf/
Though, through, plough, cough,[57] hough, or tough?
/ð θr pl kɒf hɒk ɔːr tʌf/
Hiccough has the sound of "cup"......
/ˈhɪkʌp həz ðə snd əv kʌp/
My advice is—give it up!
/m ədˈvs ɪz ɡɪv ɪt ʌp/

*) No, you are wrong.[58] This is the plural of "doe".
/n j ɑːr rɒŋ ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈplʊərəl əv d/

  1. ^ As printed in Charivarius, 1922, Ruize-rijmen (Wikisource).
  2. ^ The stress is lexical.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o GenAm: /wɪθ/
  4. ^ alt. /ˈvə/
  5. ^ GenAm: /ˈlæftər/
  6. ^ alt. /ˈɛɡzlz/
  7. ^ alt. /ˈbrəm/
  8. ^ GenAm: /ɡɔːn/
  9. ^ alt. /ˈtɜːrkwɔɪz, -kɔɪz/
  10. ^ a b c d Imperfect rhymes.
  11. ^ GenAm: /mɔːs/
  12. ^ GenAm: /bæˈl/
  13. ^ alt. /bˈk, ˈbk/, GenAm alt. /bˈk/
  14. ^ GenAm: /ʃæˈl/
  15. ^ alt. /ˈpɑːrk, pɑːrˈk/
  16. ^ alt. /ˈkrki, krˈk/
  17. ^ GenAm: /ˈmʌstæʃ/
  18. ^ alt. /ˈbrɪz/
  19. ^ alt. /ˈkɒnstəbəl/
  20. ^ alt. /ˈsɜːrmz/
  21. ^ GenAm alt. /plt/
  22. ^ alt. /ˈkɒndjuɪt, ˈkʌn-/
  23. ^ GenAm: /ˈspɛkttər/
  24. ^ alt. /ˈmər/
  25. ^ GenAm alt. /ˈædrɛs/
  26. ^ GenAm alt. /ɡɔːlf/
  27. ^ GenAm: /lˈtɛnənts/
  28. ^ GenAm alt. /dɔːl/
  29. ^ a b alt. /ˈnðər/
  30. ^ GenAm: /ænt/
  31. ^ GenAm: /wɔːnt/
  32. ^ GenAm: /wɔːnt/
  33. ^ GenAm: /ɡrænt/
  34. ^ The footnote is just messing with you. If does here was actually the plural of doe, it wouldn't contrast with goes.
  35. ^ GenAm alt. /mɔːv/
  36. ^ alt. /mɪˈrɑːʒ/
  37. ^ GenAm alt. /ˈkwɛri/
  38. ^ GenAm: /lɔːst/
  39. ^ GenAm: /klɔːθ/
  40. ^ GenAm: /kæst/
  41. ^ alt. /ˈffər/
  42. ^ alt. /t/
  43. ^ alt. /əˈlæs/
  44. ^ alt. /əˈl/
  45. ^ GenAm: /ˈlʒər/
  46. ^ GenAm: /kævz/
  47. ^ GenAm: /hæf/
  48. ^ GenAm alt. /ˈɡrnəri/
  49. ^ alt. /ˈɪəri, ˈaɪəri/
  50. ^ GenAm: /ɡlæs/
  51. ^ alt. /ˈnɛfj/
  52. ^ GenAm: /klɜːrk/
  53. ^ GenAm: /ɡræsp/
  54. ^ alt. /ɡrts/
  55. ^ GenAm: /ˈræðər/
  56. ^ alt. /ˈlæðər/
  57. ^ GenAm: /kɔːf/
  58. ^ GenAm: /rɔːŋ/

Things that shouldn't matter in an ideal world but do in this one

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This user identifies as queer.
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Committed identity: cc7167e8de21cb014ac5ad41d65cc2d54566806f2f21b2c430a4cb6a4ddca9ab30cb5489a594966d218cec7287a0e8253e645a3dbb0419ceaebcc0e6a935227b is an SHA-512 commitment to this user's real-life identity.
That this is absurd does not prevent its happening.
— J. C. Wells, Accents of English (1982), p. 106