User:Og.Ize-Iyamu/sandbox

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Environmental issues in Africa is caused by anthropogenic effects on the African natural environment and have major impacts on humans and nearly all forms of endemic life. Issues include desertification, problems with access to safe water supply, population explosion and fauna depletion. These issues are ultimately linked to over-population in Africa, as well as on a global scale. Nearly all of Africa's environmental problems are geographically variable and human induced, though not necessarily by Africans. [1]


Climate change[edit]

Africa has contributad less than any other region to the greenhouse gas emissions that are widely held responsible for global warming. But the continent is also the most vulnerable to the consequences.

Environment issues[edit]

1. Deforestation : The large scale felling of trees and the resulting decreases in forest areas is the main environment problem of the continent Africa. Rampant clearing of the forest of the forest goes on for agriculture, settlement and fuel needs. As a result, the areas under forest is decreasing day by day, as for example, in the region of equatorial evergreen forests.

2. Soil degradation : The erosion caused by rains, rivers and winds as well as over-utilisation of soils for agriculture and low use of manures have resulted in turning the soils infertile, as for example, in the plains of the River Nile and the River Orange

3. Air Pollution: The air in Africa is greatly polluted due to multiple reasons stated below. The primitive method of farming that takes place in most areas in Africa is certainly a causal factor. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization estimates that 11.3 million hectares of land are being lost annually to agriculture, grazing, uncontrolled burning and fuelwood consumption. [2] Combustion of wood and charcoal are used for cooking [3] and this results to a release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is a toxic pollutant in the atmosphere [4] Also, due to the poor supply of power, most homes have to rely on fuel and diesel in generators to keep their electricity running. [5] . The World Health Organization reports of the need to intervene when more than one third of the total Disability Adjusted Life Years [6] was lost as a result of exposure to indoor air pollution in Africa. [7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Duncan, B.N. , West J.J., Yoshlda, Y. , Flore, A.M. , & Zlemke, J.R. (2008). The influence of European pollution on ozone in the Near East and northern Africa. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 8, 1913-1950. Retrieved from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/1913/2008/acpd-8-1913-2008.pdf
  2. ^ Lanly, J.P. (1982) Tropical Forest Resources. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/an778e/an778e00.pdf
  3. ^ Wood, T.S. & Baldwin, S. (1985). Fuelwood and charcoal use in developing countries. Annual Review of Energy, 10, 407-429. Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.10.110185.002203
  4. ^ Jacobson, M.Z (2008). On the causal link between carbon dioxide and air pollution mortality, 35, L03809, 1-5. doi:10.1029/2007GL031101
  5. ^ World Health Organization (2013). Regional burden of disease due to indoor air pollution. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/burden_regional/en/
  6. ^ World Health Organization (2013). Mental Health - DALYs/YLDs definition. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/daly/en/
  7. ^ World Health Organization (2013). Regional burden of disease due to indoor air pollution. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/burden_regional/en/


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