User:Ottoump/Appraisals
Appraisal[edit]
Appraisals start with a teacher's evaluation of a student's assigned work product (e.g, a test or essay). The assignment-level evaluations can be expressed as a percentage score or a letter grade. For percentage scores, the typical practice is to start at 100% and deduct points for deficiences.[1]
The relationship between percentage scores and letter grades depends on the method of grading. In the absence of national grading standards,[1] some high schools use norm-referenced grading (commonly called "grading on a curve") which allocates grades across the distribution of scores based on a predetermined formula. Most high schools, though, use criterion-referenced grading which corresponds percentages to letter grades according to a fixed scale:[2]
| Percentage | < 60% | 60% – 69% | 70% – 79% | 80% – 89% | ≥ 90% |
| Grade | F | D | C | B | A |
| Point equivalents | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 |
For each course, the student's assignment scores or grades across the term are averaged according to weights established by the teacher.[3] This produces the course grade. A report card lists all of the student's course grades for the term, translates these to grade point equivalents, and calculates a Grade Point Average (GPA) weighted by the number of credits earned for each class. A transcript lists all of the student's course grades, and compiles them into a cumulative GPA.[4]
- ^ a b Structure of the U.S. Education System: U.S. Grading Systems. International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education. February 2008.
- ^ "Table 234.40. States that use criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) aligned to state standards, by subject area and level: 2006-07". Digest of Education Statistics. National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
- ^ "The American curriculum (although a better name would be '50 states 50 curricula')". The Good Schools Guide. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "How are GPAs Calculated?". Common Goal Systems. Common Goal Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 December 2019.