User:Paul August/Campe

Campe

Sources

Ancient

Apollodorus

1.2.1

But when Zeus was full-grown, he took Metis, daughter of Ocean, to help him, and she gave Cronus a drug to swallow, which forced him to disgorge first the stone and then the children whom he had swallowed, and with their aid Zeus waged the war against Cronus and the Titans. They fought for ten years, and Earth prophesied victory to Zeus if he should have as allies those who had been hurled down to Tartarus. So he slew their jailoress Campe, and loosed their bonds. And the Cyclopes then gave Zeus thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt, and on Pluto they bestowed a helmet and on Poseidon a trident. Armed with these weapons the gods overcame the Titans, shut them up in Tartarus, and appointed the Hundred-handers their guards; but they themselves cast lots for the sovereignty, and to Zeus was allotted the dominion of the sky, to Poseidon the dominion of the sea, and to Pluto the dominion in Hades.

= Eumelus Titanomachy F6 West 2003, pp. 226–229

With them [his brothers and sisters] Zeus unleashed the war against Kronos and the Titans. When they had been fighting for ten years, Ge prophesied to Zeus that he would be victorious if he had those who had been consigned to Tartarus7 as his allies; so he killed their prison warder Kampe (Worm) and freed them. Then the Cyclopes gave thunder, lightning, and the thunderbolt to Zeus, the cap of invisibility to Pluto, and the trident to Poseidon. Armed with this equipment they overcame the Titans, imprisoned them in Tartarus, and set the Hundred-Handers to be their warders. They themselves cast lots for government, and Zeus got power in heaven, Poseidon in the sea, and Pluto in the underworld.

Diodorus Siculus

3.72.2–3

Dionysus, then, set out with his army, and after passing through a great extent of waterless land, no small portion of which was desert and infested with wild beasts, he encamped beside a city of Libya named Zabirna. [3] Near this city an earth-born monster called Campê, which was destroying many of the natives, was slain by him, whereby he won great fame among the natives for valour. Over the monster which he had killed he also erected an enormous mound, wishing to leave behind him an immortal memorial of his personal bravery, and this mound remained until comparatively recent times.

Hesiod

Theogony

154–159

154–159 [Loeb]

(154) For all these, who came forth from Earth and Sky as the most terrible of their children, were hated by their own father from the beginning. And as soon as any of them was born, Sky put them all away out of sight in a hiding place in Earth and did not let them come up into the light, and he rejoiced in his evil deed.

501–502

501–502 [Loeb]

And he freed from their deadly bonds his father’s brothers, Sky’s sons, whom their father had bound in his folly.

624–629

624–629 Loeb]

But Cronus’ son and the other immortal gods whom beautiful-haired Rhea bore in love with Cronus brought them back up to the light once again, by the counsels of Earth: for she told the gods everything from beginning to end, that it was together with these that they would carry off victory and their splendid vaunt.

Nonnus

Dionysiaca

18.236–238

For your Zeus ruling in the heights destroyed highheaded Campe^c with a thunderbolt, for all the many crooked shapes of her whole body.

^c Campe (the name usually means a caterpillar) was a monster which, in some later accounts of the war between Zeus and Cronos (reflected in Apollodorus i.6), was set to guard the Hundred-handed giants and the Cyclopes in Tartaros. When Zeus needed their help, he freed them by killing Campe. Nonnnos' description of her is based upon Typhoeus in Hesiod, Theog. 820 ff.

238–264

A thousand crawlers from her viperish feet, spitting poison afar, were fanning Enyo to a flame, a mass of misshapen coils. Round her neck flowered fifty various heads of wild beasts : some roared with lion's heads like the grim face of the riddling Sphinx; others were spluttering foam from the tusks of wild boars; her countenance was the very image of Scylla with a marshalled regiment of thronging dog's heads. Doubleshaped, she appeared a woman to the middle of her body, with clusters of poison-spitting serpents for hair. Her giant form, from the chest to the parting-point of the thighs, was covered all over with a bastard shape of hard sea-monsters' scales. The claws of her wide-scattering hands were curved like a crooktalon sickle. From her neck over her terrible shoulders, with tail raised high over her throat, a scorpion with an icy sting sharp-whetted crawled and coiled upon itself.

Such was manifoldshaped Campe as she rose writhing, and flew roaming about earth and air and briny deep, and flapping a couple of dusky wings, rousing tempests and arming gales, that blackwinged nymphe of Tartaros: from her eyelids a flickering flame belched out far-travelling sparks. Yet heavenly Zeus your father killed that great monster, and conquered the snaky Enyo Cronos."

Modern

Fontenrose

p. 243

Tiamat has by no means disappeared from either war. In the Titanomachy, according to Aollodorus, Zeus first killed Kampe, whom Kronos had set to guard the Cyclopes and Hundred-Handed after imprisoning them in Tartaros: Zeus could not win without them—on his freeing them the Cyclopes gave him the thunderbolts that he needed for victory. Nonnos elaborately describes Kampe. In brief, she was a female counterpart of his Typhon: she had fifty heads of all kinds of beasts, and the body of a woman from the waist up, of a snake from the waiste down, That is, she was Echidna under a different name, as Nonnus indicates, calling her Echidnaean Enyo, identifying her snaky legs with echidnas, likening her to Sphinx and Skylla, [cont.]

p. 244

calls her "black-winged Tartarian nymph" (nymphê Tartariê melanopteros), using an epithet that is elsewhere given to Night (p. 234). She sent hurricanes and stormwinds against the gods, and fire blazed forth from her eyes, casting sparks afar.³⁶

³⁶ Apollod. 1.2.1; Nonn. Dion. 18.236–264. Epicharmos (ap. Hesych. K614) either called Kampe a kêtos or spoke of some kind of sea-beast called kampê. See Mayer (1887) 232-234; Vian (1952) 210, 285.

Gantz

p. 45

Apollodorus would seem acquainted with a more detailed version of some events than tha given by Hesiod, for he tells us that Zeus slew a female guard named Kampe in order to release those under the earth (ApB 1.2.1).

Grimal

p. 87 s.v. Campe

Campe (Κάμπη) A female monster appointed by Cronus in Hades to guard the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires whom he had imprisoned in Hades. When an oracle promised Zeus that he would defeat Cronus and the Titans if he had the assistance of the Cyclopes, he killed Campe and freed them.

Hard

p. 68

Such is the standard account of the succession myth as provided by Hesiod; Apollodorus offers an account of uncertain origin (perhaps derived from the lost Titanomachia, or from the Orphic literature) which differs from the Hesiodic version in some important respects.

LSJ

s.v. καμπή , ἡ, (κάμπτω)

A.winding, of a river, Hdt.1.185; Εὐβοΐδα κ., of the Euripus, A.Fr.30; “τὰς κ. τῶν Χωρίων” Aen.Tact.15.6; “τόπους καμπὰς ἔχοντας” Ael.Tact.35.4.

2. flexion, bending, “τὰ ἄποδα δυσὶ Χρώμενα προέρχεται καμπαῖς” Arist.IA707b9, cf. HA490a31.

3. curved part, HeroSpir.2.16, Sor.2.62.

II. turning-post in a racecourse, “περὶ ταῖσι καμπαῖς ἡνίοχοι πεπτωκότες” Ar.Pax905; “καμπαῖσι δρόμων” E.IA224(lyr.); εὐλαβηθῆναι περὶ τὴν κ. Pl.Ion537a: metaph., μῦθον ἐς καμπὴν ἄγε bring a speech to its goal (cf. “καμπτήρ” 11), E.El. 659; “καμπὴν ποιεῖσθαι” Pl.Phd.72b.

III. in Music, turn, sudden change, “εἴ τις κάμψειέν τινα καμπήν” Ar.Nu.969; ἐξαρμονίους κ. Pherecr. 145.9, cf. ib. 28; “καμπαὶ ᾀσμάτων” Philostr.VS2.28.

2. Rhet., rounding off of a period, Cic.Att.1.14.4(pl.), Demetr.Eloc.10, 17.

IV. bend or flexure of a limb, τῶν ὤμων, τῶν ἰσχίων, τῶν δακτύλων, etc., Arist.HA498a25sqq., cf. Pl.Ti.74e; of the skull, οὐκ ἔχουσα καμπάς ib.75c; οὐλὴ καμπῆ （῀ -ῇ）“ Χιρὸς δεξιᾶς” Sammelb.7031.5 (i A.D.).

s.v. κάμπη , ἡ,

A.caterpillar, Hp.Superf.28, Aristopho 10.4, LXXAm.4.9, etc.; of the silk-worm, Arist.HA551b11, Thphr.HP4.14.9.

2. ornament of this shape, dub. in IG12(5).134.13 (Paros).

II. a fabulous Indian monster, D.S.3.72, Nonn.D.18.237; cf. κάμπος.

κάμπι^μος , η, ον, (καμπή)

A.bent, turning, “δρόμος” E.IT81:—also κάμπιος , Ptol.Tetr.150: κάμπειος , Hsch.

s.v κάμπος

A.a sea-monster, Lyc.414.

II. = ἱπποδρόμος（Sicel), Hsch. καμπουλίρ: ἐλαίας εἶδος (Lacon.), Id. (-ούληρ cod.).

Ogden

p. 5

Chapter 2 proceeds to look at the comparable set of battle myths for the great composite drakontes, ... We begin with the anquipedes: Typhon, slain by Zeus, Echidna, slain by Argus, the Giants and Campe, slain by the gods; ...

p. 68

We begin by considering the anguipede drakontes, those basically made up of a humanoid upper body and a serpent-shaped lower body, Typhon, Echidna, the Giants, Campe, and Lamia.

p. 85

The closest we come to a drakōn in some connection with the Titans is in the case of Campe.¹⁰⁰ Apollodorus seemingly recycling the Eumelian Titanomachy, uniquely tells us that in the battle of Zeus against the Titans he released the Cyclopes, who had been hurled down into Tartarus, to help him with the thunderbolts they manufactured (cf. the role of Heracles in the Gigantomachy), and that he did so by slaying their female guard Campe. We are told nothing of her shape, but her implied underground life and her role of guardian (cf. Ch.4) suggest she may already have been concieved of as a drakaina. Subsequently Diodorus (after Dionysius Scytobrachion) tells that Campe was an earthborn monster that terrorized the Lybian city of Zabirna (one thinks of the Libyan Lamia) and was slain by Dionysus in some sort of loose associations with the Titanomachy. The god raised a great mound over the body to his own glory. It is not until Nonnus that we get a full-blown description of her, and she is indeed now an anguiform and reminiscent of Typhon in shape: she is of vast size; her principal head and torso are those of a woman, with the scales of a kētos from the chest down; her hair consists of venomous drakontes; her legs consist of a thousnad coiling vipers; fifty animal heads project from her neck, including those of lions, boars, and dogs, inviting comparison with both the sphinx and Scylla; her [cont.]

¹⁰⁰ Texts: DIodorus 3.72, Apollodorus Bibliotheca 1.2.1 = Eumelus Titanomachy F6 West, Nonnus Dionysiaca 18.236-67. Discussion: Fontenrose 1959: 243-4, Mayor 2000b: 150-1.

p. 86

arms end in curving talons; a scorpian-tail arches over head; she is a 'black-winged nymph of Tartarus' and rouses storms with her wings; she shoots fire from her eyes. She is a mistress of earth, air, and sea. Zeus destroys her with his thunderbolt. What does her name mean? The Greek texts, as edited, supply her name with a paroxytone accent, and as a word (κάμπη) this signifies caterpillar or silkworm. It's oxtone homonym (καμπή) signifies primarily the winding of a river, and thereafter and form of flexion or curve.¹⁰¹ Both are appropriate to an anguiform monster.

¹⁰¹ LSJ s.vv.

Smith

s.v. Campe

(Κάμπη), a monster which was appeinted in Tartarus to guard the Cyclops. It was killed by Zeus when he wanted the assistance of the Cyclops against the Titans. (Apollod. 1.2.1.) Diodorus (3.72) mentions a monster of the same name, which was slain by Dionysus, and which Nonnus (Dionys. 18.237, &c.) identifies with the former.