User:Paul August/Cepheus (king of Tegea)

Cepheus (king of Tegea)

To Do

• Fix links to Cepheus (king of Tegea)
• Oxford Classical Dictionary
• Tripp
• Grimal
• Parada
• Smith
• Gantz
• Hard
• Brill's New Pauly
• Loeb search
• LIMC

Sources

Ancient

Apollodorus

1.8.2

[Calydonian boar hunters] ... Ancaeus and Cepheus, sons of Lycurgus, from Arcadia; ...

1.9.16

... And those [Argonauts] who assembled were as follows: ... Cepheus, son of Aleus; ... Ancaeus, son of Lycurgus; ...

2.7.3

It was to avenge his death that Hercules mustered an army against the Lacedaemonians. And having come to Arcadia he begged Cepheus to join him with his sons, of whom he had twenty. But fearing lest, if he quitted Tegea, the Argives would march against it, Cepheus refused to join the expedition. But Hercules had received from Athena a lock of the Gorgon's hair in a bronze jar and gave it to Sterope, daughter of Cepheus, saying that if an army advanced against the city, she was to hold up the lock of hair thrice from the walls, and that, provided she did not look before her, the enemy would be turned to flight.⁵ That being so, Cepheus and his sons took the field, and in the battle he and his sons perished, and besides them Iphicles, the brother of Hercules.

⁵ Compare Paus. 8.47.5.

3.9.1

Arcas had two sons, Elatus and Aphidas, by Leanira, daughter of Amyclas, or by Meganira, daughter of Croco, or, according to Eumelus, by a nymph Chrysopelia.¹ These divided the land between them, but Elatus had all the power, and he begat Stymphalus and Pereus by Laodice, daughter of Cinyras, and Aphidas had a son Aleus and a daughter Stheneboea, who was married to Proetus. And Aleus had a daughter Auge and two sons, Cepheus and Lycurgus, by Neaera, daughter of Pereus. ...

¹ As to the sons of Arcas, and the division of Arcadia among them, see Paus. 8.4.1ff. According to Pausanias, Arcas had three sons, Azas, Aphidas, and Elatus by Erato, a Dryad nymph; to Azas his father Arcas assigned the district of Azania, to Aphidas the city of Tegea, and to Elatus the mountain of Cyllene.

3.9.2

Lycurgus had sons, Ancaeus, Epochus, Amphidamas, and Iasus ...

Apollonius of Rhodes

1.161–167

Moreover, from Arcadia came Amphidamas and Cepheus, Aleus’ two sons, who dwelt in Tegea and the domain of Apheidas.²⁸ And third to join them on their way was Ancaeus, whom his father Lycurgus, the older brother of the other two, sent. But Lycurgus was left in the city to care for Aleus, who was already growing old, and sent his own son to accompany his brothers.

²⁸ Legendary king of Tegea, father of Aleus.

Diodorus Siculus

4.33.6

There fell in the battle but a very few of the comrades of Heracles, though among them were famous men, such as Iphiclus and Cepheus and seventeen sons of Cepheus, since only three of his [p. 451] twenty sons came out alive;

4.68.1

Alcidicê, the daughter of Aleus

Hyginus

Fabulae

14.14 [Argonauts]

Amphidamas and Cepheus, the sons of Aleus and Cleobule, from Arcadia.

Pausanias

8.4.8

After Aepytus Aleus came to the throne. For Agamedes and Gortys, the sons of Stymphalus, were three generations removed from Arcas, and Aleus, the son of Apheidas, two generations. Aleus built the old sanctuary in Tegea of Athena Alea, and made Tegea the capital of his kingdom. Gortys the son of Stymphalus founded the city Gortys on a river which is also called after him. The sons of Aleus were Lycurgus, Amphidamas and Cepheus; he also had a daughter Auge.

8.4.10

After the death of Aleus Lycurgus his son got the kingdom as being the eldest; ...

8.5.1

So Lycurgus outlived both his sons, and reached an extreme old age. On his death, Echemus, son of Aeropus, son of Cepheus, son of Aleus, became king of the Arcadians. In his time the Dorians, in their attempt to return to the Peloponnesus under the leadership of Hyllus, the son of Heracles, were defeated by the Achaeans at the Isthmus of Corinth, and Echemus killed Hyllus, who had challenged him to single combat. I have come to the conclusion that this is a more probable story than the one I gave before,1 that on this occasion Orestes was king of the Achaeans, and that it was during his reign that Hyllus attempted to return to the Peloponnesus. If the second account be accepted, it would appear that Timandra, the daughter of Tyndareus, married Echemus, who killed Hyllus.

8.8.4

The city of the Mantineans is about twelve stades farther away from this spring. Now there are plain indications that it was in another place that Mantineus the son of Lycaon founded his city, which even to-day is called Ptolis （City） by the Arcadians. From here, in obedience to an oracle, Antinoe, the daughter of Cepheus, the son of Aleus, removed the inhabitants to the modern site, accepting as a guide for the pilgrimage a snake; the breed of snake is not recorded. It is for this reason that the river, which flows by the modern city, has received the name Ophis （Snake

8.9.5

Not far from the theater are famous tombs, one called Common Hearth, round in shape, where, they told me, lies Antinoe, the daughter of Cepheus. On it stands a slab, on which is carved in relief a horseman, Grylus, the son of Xenophon

8.23.3

The name of the city is clearly derived from Cepheus, the son of Aleus, but its form in the Arcadian dialect, Caphyae, is the one that has survived. The inhabitants say that originally they were from Attica, but on being expelled from Athens by Aegeus they fled to Arcadia, threw themselves on the mercy of Cepheus, and found a home in the country. The town is on the border of the plain at the foot of some inconsiderable mountains. The Caphyatans have a sanctuary of the god Poseidon, and one of the goddess Artemis, surnamed Cnacalesia.

8.44.7

On the right of the so-called Dyke lies the Manthuric plain. The plain is on the borders of Tegea, stretching just about fifty stades to that city. On the right of the road is a small mountain called Mount Cresius, on which stands the sanctuary of Aphneius. For Ares, the Tegeans say, mated with Aerope, daughter of Cepheus, the son of Aleus.

8.44.8

She died in giving birth to a child, who clung to his mother even when she was dead, and sucked great abundance of milk from her breasts. Now this took place by the will of Ares, and because of it they name the god Aphneius （Abundant）; but the name given to the hill was, it is said, Aeropus. There is on the way to Tegea a fountain called Leuconian. They say that Apheidas was the father of Leucone, and not far from Tegea is her tomb.

8.47.5

There is at Tegea another sanctuary of Athena, namely of Athena Poliatis （Keeper of the City） into which a priest enters once in each year. This sanctuary they name Eryma （Defence） saying that Cepheus, the son of Aleus, received from Athena a boon, that Tegea should never be captured while time shall endure, adding that the goddess cut off some of the hair of Medusa and gave it to him as a guard to the city.

Valerius Flaccus

Argonautica

1.375—377

... Cepheus too who did. aid Amphitryon’s son, sweating beneath the burden of the beast of Erymanthus on the threshold of Tegea, and Amphidamas (though his brother [Lycurgus], fuller of years, chose rather to let the fleece of Phrixus fall to Ancaeus [Lycurgus' son]), and Eurytion,

Modern

Grimal

s.v. Cepheus (Κηφεύς) 1

The king of Tegea in Arcadia; he was the son of Aleus and took part in the expedition of the Argonauts, as well as playing a part in the legend of Heracles. When the latter ... Sterope ... In some versions, Cepheus of Arcadia is represented as the son not of Aleus, but of Lycugus. In these versions Cepheus is said to have taken part in the hunt for the boar of Calydon.

[Apoll. Rhod. Arg. 1.161ff.; Paus. 8.4.8, 8.5.1; 8.8.4; 8.9.5; 8.23.3; 8.47.5; Apollod. 2.7.3; Diod. Sic. 4.33

Hard

p. 279

Since Hippokoon could call upon the support of many sons, Herakles visited Kepheus, king of Tegea, as he was passing through Arcadia, and invited him and his twenty sons to fight as his allies. Although Kepheus was reluctant to leave his city undefended, the hero persuaded him by providing his daughter with a lock of the Gorgon's hair that would put any attackers to flight if held up from the city walls (see further on p. 574 [sic: 547]).^{198 [Apd 2.7.3]} With the support of these and other allies, Herakles killed Hippokoon and his sons in battle near Sparta and captured the city. The victory proved expensive, however, since Kepheus was killed along with all his sons (or all but three of them), as was Herakles' half-brother Iphikles (in one tradition ...)^{199 [Ibid. (Kepheus and sons killed and Iphikles killed); D.S. 4.33.5-6 (three sons of Kepheus survive).}

p. 383

[Argonauts] ... From among the heroes who are to be found in every catalogue and are not already named by Pindar, the following may be picked out as being most worthy of note: Admentos, ... Kepheus, son of Aleus, ...

p. 416

[Calydonian boar hunters] ... Ankaios and Kepheus from Arcadia, ...

p. 544

Aleos had two sons Lykourgos and Kepheus, who were both said to have ruled Tegea at some stage.^{176 [Apd. 3.9.1, Paus 8.4.8 (Amphidamas also as son; otherwise son of Lykourgos, e.g. Apd. 3.9.3 [sic: 3.9.2)]}

p. 547

Kepheus and Echemos of Tegea

KEPHEUS, son of Aleus, the most significant brother of Lykourgos, was also said to have ruled Tegea at some stage. Like his father before him, he was supposed to have founded one of the sanctuaries of Athena in the city, in his case that of Athena Polias (Guardian of the City). If that was the case, it is fitting that the goddess should have helped him to protect the city by giving him a lock of the Gorgon's hair which would render it impregnable;^{200 [Paus. 8.47.6]} she an be seen presenting it to him on Tegean coins. Since he had no fewer than twenty sons, Herakles sought his help when he was setting out to confront Hippokoon, king of Sparta, ...

p. 713

Table 20 The Arcadian royal family

Parada

s.v. Aleus

...

••a)Neaera 3.

••b)Cleobule 1.

...

... ••a)Apd.3.9.1. ••b)Hyg.Fab.14.

...

s.v. Cepheus 2

King of Tegea in Arcadia.

•a)Aleus ∞ Neaera 3.

•b)Aleus ∞ Cleobule.

•c)Lycurgus 2 ∞

••

•••Sterope 4, +Aeropus 2, ++Antinoe 1.

♇ Perished in battle helping Heracles 1 against the Lacedaemonians.

1)ARGONAUTS. 2)CALYDONIAN HUNTERS.

D.Apd 2.7.3. G1.-•a)b)Hyg.Fab.14. G1.Val.1.375. G2.-•c)Apd.1.8.2. •••-♇Apd.2.7.3. •••+Pau.8.5.1. •••++Pau.8.8.4.

Error: Source for •a) = Apd. 3.9.1 *not* Hyg.Fab.14! (see s.v. Aleus above)

Smith

s.v. Cepheus 2

A son of Aleus and Neaera or Cleobule, and an Argonaut from Tegea in Arcadia, of which lie [sic: he?] was king. He had twenty sons and two daughters, and nearly all of his sons perished in an expedition which they had undertaken with Heracles. The town of Caphyae was believed to have derived its name from him. (Apollod. 1.9.16, 2.7.3, 3.9.1; Apollon. 1.161; Hyg. Fab. 14; Paus. 8.8.3, 23.3.)

s.v. Cepheus 3

One of the Calydonian hunters. (Apollod. 1.8.2.)

Tripp

s.v. Cepheus 2

A king of Tegea. Cepheus was a son of Aleüs and Neaera. As a youth, he, his brother Amphidamas, and their nephew Ancaeüs sailed with the Argonauts; Cepheus and Ancaeüs also hunted the Calydonian boar. Later Cepheus refused to join his former shipmate Heracles on his expedition against Sparta, fearing that Argive enemies would attack Tegea in his absence. Heracles gave Cepheus' daughter Sterope a lock of Medusa's hair with the promise that it would repel any enemy if she merely held it up three times on the city walls. Reassured, Cepheus marched with Heracles. Tegea did indeed remain safe, but Cepheus and all his sons except Echemus were killed in the war. Echemus vecame king of Arcadia after the death of Cepheus' elder brother Lycurgus. Another daughter of Cepheus, Aërope, died in bearing a child by Ares. Ares caused the child to survive by sucking its dead mother's breast. [Apollodorus 2.7.3; Apollonius of Rhodius 1.161-163; Pausanias 8.44.7-8, 8.47.5.]