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Hyperion (Titan)

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Ancient

Apollodorus

1.1.3

And again he begat children by Earth, to wit, the Titans as they are named: Ocean, Coeus, Hyperion, Crius, Iapetus, and, youngest of all, Cronus; also daughters, the Titanides as they are called: Tethys, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Dione, Thia.

1.2.2

Now to the Titans were born offspring: ... to Hyperion and Thia were born Dawn, Sun, and Moon;

Diodorus Siculus

5.67.1

Of Hyperion we are told that he was the first to understand, by diligent attention and observation, the movement of both the sun and the moon and the other stars, and the seasons as well, in that they are caused by these bodies, and to make these facts known to others; and that for this reason he was called the father of these bodies, since he had begotten, so to speak, the speculation about them and their nature.

Eumelus

fr. 17 West

17 Schol. Pind. Ol. 13.74f (exscripsit schol. Eur. Med. 9)

17 Scholiast on Pindar, Olympians

Eumelus, a historical poet, who says:

But when Aietes and Aloeus were born from Helios and Antiope, then Hyperion’s glorious son divided the country in two between his sons.

Hesiod

Theogony

131–136

But afterwards she [Earth] lay with Heaven and bore deep-swirling Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and Hyperion and Iapetus, [135] Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys.

371–374

And Theia was subject in love to Hyperion and bore great Helius （Sun） and clear Selene （Moon） and Eos （Dawn） who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven.

1011

Helius, Hyperion's son,

Homer

Iliad

8.480

and have joy neither in the rays of Helios Hyperion

19.398

gleaming in his armour like the bright Hyperion

Odyssey

1.8

the kine of Helios Hyperion [Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο]

1.24

where Hyperion sets and some where he rises,

12.133

whom beautiful Neaera bore to Helios Hyperion [Ἠελίῳ Ὑπερίονι]

12.176

the rays of the lord Helios Hyperion [Ὑπεριονίδης/Hyperonides i.e Hyperion's son]

12.263

many goodly flocks of Helios Hyperion [Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο]

12.346

a rich temple to Helios Hyperion [Ἠελίῳ Ὑπερίονι]

12.374

Swiftly then to Helios Hyperion [Ἠελίῳ Ὑπερίονι] came

Homeric Hymn 3 to Apollo

369

the Earth and shining Hyperion make you rot.

Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter

26

the lord Helios, Hyperion's bright son

74

So said she. And the Son of Hyperion answered her:

Homeric Hymn 31 to Helios

1–8

And now, O Muse Calliope, daughter of Zeus, begin to sing of glowing Helios whom mild-eyed Euryphaessa, the far-shining one, bare to the Son of Earth and starry Heaven. For Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphaessa, [5] his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios who is like the deathless gods.

Julian

Hymn to King Helios

• Most, p. 266

For the one (i.e., Hesiod) provided a genealogy for him (i.e., Helios) by saying that he is the son of Hyperion and Theia (cf. Th 371), hinting thereby that he is by nature the legitimate offspring of him who is superior to all things—and who else could Hyperion be than this?¹

¹ Julian etymologizes Hyperion’s name as “he who goes above.”

Mimnermus

fr. 12 Gerber

12 Ath. 11.470a

12 Athenaeus, Scholars at Dinner

In Nanno Mimnermus says that the Sun ... as follows:

...

11 There the son of Hyperion mounts his other vehicle.

Pindar

Olympian

7.39

the god that brings light to mortals, son of Hyperion [Ὑπεριονίδας]

Stesichorus

fr. S 17 Campbell [= 185 PMG]

Modern

Gantz

p. 30

The third in the group of Titan unions is that of Hyperion and Theia. For these two, as for most of the other Titans there are no stories and no functions. Their three children, on the other hand are quite prominent: Helios, Selene, and Eos (note the Homeric Hymn 31 calls their mother Euryphaessa, "broad-shining one," though still a sister of Hyperion). ... [Helios] is not named in the Iliad as the son of Hyperion, but the Odyssey, Theogony, and the Hymn to Demeter each refer to him as Hyperionides (Od 12.176; Th 1011; HDem 74; cf. HDem 26 [son of Hyperion]). Elsewhere in the Iliad and Odyssey, he is called Helios Hyperion, as if the latter name were itself a patronymic or other epithet. (Il 8.840; Od 12.133 etc.), and so too at Iliad 19.398 and Hymn to Apollo 369 he is simply Hyperion; otherwise in that Hymn, as in the Iliad, his name is clearly Helios. Subsequent writers (Eumelous fr 3 PEG; Mim 12 W; Stes 185 PMG; Ol 7.39) maintain the distinction of father and son between the two figures.

Grimal

s.v. Hyperion

(Ὑπερίων) One of the Titans, the son of Uranus and Gaia (Tables 5, 12 and 14). He married his sister the Titanide Theia and fathered the Sun (Helios), the Moon (Selene) and the Dawn (Eos). Sometimes the name Hyperion was applied to the Sun himself since it means 'He who goes before' (the Earth).

Hard

p. 32

Hyperion is sometimes a title of the sun-god Helios, and sometimes the father of Helios.

p. 37

Hyperion is mentioned in the Homeric epics and other early poetry as the father of the sun-god Helios; and his name is also on occasion as a title of Helios himself.^{84 [Helios as the son of Hyperion, Hom. Od. 12.176, Hom. Hymn. Demeter 26, 74; Hyperion as a title of Helios, Hom. Il. 8.480, Hom. Hymn. Apollo 369.]} Since the sun and other main luminaries of the sky must have come into existence at an early stage in the development of the world, Hyperion could be fittingly enlisted as their Titan father.

p. 40

... four Titan families whose members will consist mainly of deities who are connected with the natural world and its ordering. two of these are founded by Titan couples, namely ... Hyperion and Theia,

p. 43

The Children of Hyperion and Theia

THe Titan HYPERION and his wife THEIA, who have no myths of their own, were the parents of three children who brought light to the heavens, Heilos (the Sun, Sol in Latin), Selene (the Moon, Luna in Latin) and Eos (Dawn, Aurora in Latin.¹²⁰

Smith

s.v. Hyperion

（Ὑπερίων), a Titan, a son of Uranus and Ge, and married to his sister Theia, or Euryphaessa, by whom he became the father of Helios, Selene, and Eos. (Hes. Th. 134, 371, &c.; Apollod. 1.1.3, 2.2.) Homer uses the name in a patronymic sense applied to Helios, so that it is equivalent to Hyperionion or Hyperionides; and Homer's example is imitated also by other poets. (Hom. Od. 1.8, 12.132, Il. 8.480; Hes. Th. 1011; Ov. Met. 15.406.) Apolldorus dorus (3.12.5) mentions a son of Priam of the name of Hyperion.

Tripp

s.v. Hyperion

A Titan and sun-god. Hyperion, a son of Ge and Uranus, married his sister Titan Theia (sometimes called Euryphaëssa), who bore Eos (Dawn), HELIUS (Sun), and Selene (Moon). Hyperion was himself a personification of the sun and was often identified with his son, whom Homer regularly referred to as Helius Hyperion.

West

1966

p. 36

The Titans, the Old Gods, Kronos' allies, were too important to be left without individual names. Kronos himself and Iapetos are the only two known by name to Homer. In the Theogony a full list is offered. Its very heterogeneity betrays its lack of traditional foundtion. Rhea, Zeus' mother, must be married to Kronos, Zeus' father. Hyperion, as father of Helios, must be put back to that generation; so must ancient and venerable personages as Oceanus and Tethys, Themis and Mnemosyne. By the addition of four more colourless names (Koios, Kreios, Theia, and Phoibe), the list is made up to a complement of six males and six females.²

² According to Pohlenz, ... the number was modelled on the Olympian twelve. But the latter do not appear as such in Hesdiod. On the other hand, he does very often arrange families in threes or multiples of three. ...

p. 157 on line 18

Iapetos and Kronos are the only individual Titans named as such in Homer (‘’Il.’’ 8. 479); other in Hesiod’s list of Titans (below, 133-7) are mentioned only incidentally, Hyperion as the Sun or his [cont.]

p. 158

father,

2003a

fr. 17 West

17 Schol. Pind. Ol. 13.74f (exscripsit schol. Eur. Med. 9)

17 Scholiast on Pindar, Olympians

Eumelus, a historical poet, who says:

But when Aietes and Aloeus were born from Helios and Antiope, then Hyperion’s glorious son divided the country in two between his sons.

2003b

p. 215

Of Helios again begin your song, daughter of Zeus, Muse Calliope: the shining one, whom mild-eyed Euryphaessa⁶¹ bore to the son of Earth and starry Heaven.

⁶¹ Euryphaessa, “Shining Far and Wide,” appears only here as the name of the Titan whom Hesiod and others call Theia.