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Rhodos

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Fowler 2013 (in folder)

pp. 591, 592

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From Rhode (mythology):

"All three names— Halia, Aphrodite, Amphitrite, and furthermore also Kapheira— must have been applied to one and the same great goddess", Karl Kerenyi observes.

Sources

Ancient

Homer

Odyssey

12.131–133

These [Helios' sheep and cattle on Trinakia] bear no young, nor do they ever die, and goddesses are their shepherds, fair-tressed nymphs, Phaethusa and Lampetie, whom beautiful Neaera bore to Helios Hyperion.

Epimenides

fr. 11 Fowler [=FGrHist 457 F 5]

p. 98

Fowler 2013

p. 13

§1.3.2 CHILDREN OF OKEANOS ...

... Rhodos (Epimen. fr. 11)

Pindar

Olympian

7.14

the sea-child of Aphrodite and bride of Helios, Rhodes [Ῥόδον],

7.54–74

The ancient stories of men tell [55] that when Zeus and the immortals were dividing the earth among them, Rhodes was not yet visible in the expanse of the sea, but the island was hidden in the salty depths. Helios was absent, and no one marked out a share for him; in fact they left him without any allotment of land, [60] although he was a holy god. And when Helios mentioned it, Zeus was about to order a new casting of lots, but Helios did not allow him. For he said that he himself saw in the gray sea, growing from the bottom, a rich, productive land for men, and a kindly one for flocks. And he bid Lachesis of the golden headband [65] raise her hands right away, and speak, correctly and earnestly, the great oath of the gods, and consent with the son of Cronus that that island, when it had risen into the shining air, should thereafter be his own prize of honor. And the essence of his words was fulfilled and turned out to be true. There grew from the waters of the sea [70] an island, which is held by the birthgiving father of piercing rays, the ruler of fire-breathing horses.And there he [Helios] once lay with Rhodes [Ῥόδῳ], and begat seven sons who inherited from him the wisest minds in the time of earlier men; and of these one begat Cameirus, and Ialysus the eldest, and Lindus.

Scholion to Pindar

Olimpian 7.132a (Fowler 2001, p. 205)

Ὄχιμος, Κέρκαφος, Ἀκτίς, Μάκαρος, Κάνδαλος, Τριὀπης, Φαέφων [=] Τενάγην

Hellanicus of Lesbos

fr. 137 Fowler (Fowler 2001, p. 205)

Herodorus

fr. 62 Fowler (Fowler 2001, p. 253)

Ovid

Metamorphoses

1.750–2.324

Apollodorus

1.4.5

Poseidon wedded Amphitrite, daughter of Ocean, and there were born to him Triton² and Rhode, who was married to the Sun.³

² Compare Hes. Th. 930ff.

³ Rhode, more commonly in the form Rhodos, is a personification of the island of Rhodes, which Pindar calls the Bride of the Sun （Pind. O. 7.14）, because it was the great seat of the worship of the Sun in ancient Greece. A Rhodian inscription of about 220 B.C. records public prayers offered by the priests “to the Sun and Rhodos and all the other gods and goddesses and founders and heroes who have the city and the land of the Rhodians in their keeping.” See P. Cauer, Delectus Inscriptionum Graecarum, p. 123, No. 181; Ch. Michel, Recueil d'Inscriptions Grecques, p. 24, No. 21; H. Collitz and F. Bechtel, Sammlung der griechischen Dialekt Inschriften, vol. iii. p. 412, No. 3749.

Diodorus Siculus

5.55.4

Poseidon, the myth continues, when he had grown to manhood, became enamoured of Halia, the sister of the Telchines, and lying with her he begat six male children and one daughter, called Rhodos, after whom the island was named.

5.56.3

Helius, the myth tells us, becoming enamoured of Rhodos, named the island Rhodes after her and caused the water which had overflowed it to disappear. But the true explanation is that, while in the first forming of the world the island was still like mud and soft, the sun dried up the larger part of its wetness and filled the land with living creatures, and there came into being the Heliadae, who were named after him, seven in number, and other peoples who were, like them, sprung from the land itself.

5.56.5

[Helios'] seven sons were Ochimus, Cercaphus, Macar, Actis, Tenages, Triopas, and Candalus, and there was one daughter, Electryonê, who quit this life while still a maiden and attained at the hands of the Rhodians to honours like those accorded to the heroes. And when the Heliadae attained to manhood they were told by Helius that the first people to offer sacrifices to Athena would ever enjoy the presence of the goddess; and the same thing, we are told, was disclosed by him to the inhabitants of Attica.

5.56.7

Such, then, is the account which certain writers of myths give about the antiquities of the Rhodians, one of them being Zenon,¹⁷ who has composed a history of the island.

¹⁷ Polybius (16.14) considered Zenon of sufficient importance as a historian to criticize his local patriotism.

5.61.1

After this, the account continues, Triopas, one of the sons of Helius and Rhodos,

Tzetzes

Chiliades

4.19.357–360 (Greek: Kiessling, p. 133; English translation: Berkowitz, p. 119)

Concerning the poplars of Phaethon, 4.19 (Story 137)

For Helios, diverse are both the wives and children:

From Perse, the daughter of Oceanus: both Aeetes nd Circe;

And of Clymene, daughter of Oceanus: Phaethon. But not this Phaethon;

And of Rhodos, the daughter of Poseidon: Cercaphus and Triopes; [360]

Eustathius of Thessalonica

Commentarii ad Homeri Iliadem

p. 315.27

Modern

Fowler 2001

p. 98

Epimenides fr. 11

p. 205

Hellanicus fr. 137

p. 253

Herodorus, fr. 62

Fowler 2013

p. 13

Rhodos (Epimen. fr. 11);

p. 14

At all events, the geographical application [for the name] is clear in the mythographers. Ephyra in Eumel. fr. 1, being identical with Corinth,⁴¹ and Rhodos in Epimen. fr. 11,⁴² which after all arose from the sea according to Pindar, are straightforwardly so.

⁴² Usually the daughter of Poseidon (schol. Pind. Ol. 7.24-5 quoting Herod. fr. 62 and others, Apollod. Bibl. 1.28 ('Rhode', cf. Hellan. fr. 137), Diod. Sic. 5.55-4); Asklepiades ap. schol. Pind. OL. 7.2rd (presumably the mythographer, but omitted by Jacoby FGrHist 12) says Helios, perhaps misunderstanding Pindar; Pindar himself does not specify. Epimenides, adventurous as ever is unique in this genealogy.

p. 591

[As rulers of Rhodes, the Telchines] were succeeded by the Heliadai, children of Helios and Rhodos. Rhodos' father is normally Poseidon except in Epimen. fr. 11 (§1.7.4 n. 42); but according to a scholion on Od. 17.208, she was a daughter of Asopos and bore Phaethon and other children to Helios. The scholion cites 'the tragedians', and scholars have conjectured that Aischylos' Heliades is at least one of the sources (TrGF 3.185). Rhodos' mother is either Aphrodite (Pind. Ol. 7.14, Herod. fr. 62) or Amphitrite (Apollod. Bibl. 1.28, schol. Pind. OL. 7.2); Diodoros makes her daughter of Halia, one of the Telchines (5.55.4) The chilldren of Helios and Rhodos, or Rhode as Hellanikos calls her (Hellan. fr. 137 ap. schol. Pind. Ol. 7.132a), were [Ochimos accidentally omitted here?] Kerkaphos, Aktis, Makaros, Kandalos, Triopes, and Phaethon 'the younger, whom the Rhodians call Tenages'. These are repeated several times with inconsequential variants by the scholia to Pindar; Pindar himself does not name them, but says that one of them was the father of Ialysos, Kameiros, and Lindos, eponyms of the three main Rhodian towns. This was Kerkaphos. The other brothers exist mostly to support chauvinistic appropriations: Aktis, 'Sunray', the supposed founder of Heliopolis in Egypt (Steph. Byz. η9), is [cont.]

p. 592 [See Amazon]

the most obviously artificial; Triopes is the Knidian founder-figure (->§5.2.3); Makar is the same for Lesbos (Il. 24.544;->§17.8). Kandalos went to Kos, where his name has been related to Cape Skandarion;⁹⁰ there was probably other mythology about him on the island. The occasion for the emigrations was the murder of Tenages. To be murdered is thus raison d'etre. Ochimos and Kerkaphos did not participate in the crime, so didi not emigrate; but as we learn from Plutarch, Quaest. Graec. 27 p. 297c, the brothers quarrelled, in an incident that served as an action for sacrifice to the local hero Okridion.

...

There is no way of knowing the age of the stories about the brothers, and whether the list is taken from Hellanikos. He is quoted only for calling her 'Rhode' not 'Rhodod'; normally that means the rest of the scholion comes from somebody else.

⁹⁰ Strabo 14.2.19; Bebthe, Hermes 24 (1889) 431 n. 2.

Frazer

Apollodorus, 1.4.5 n. 3

Rhode, more commonly in the form Rhodos, is a personification of the island of Rhodes,

Apollodorus, 3.14.3 n. 2

the Scholiast on Hom. Od. xvii.208 calls her [the mother of Phaethon by Helios] Rhode, daughter of Asopus.

Gantz

p. 32

To this evidence for Aischylos and Euripides we may add, since it claims to derive "from the Tragedians," the Odyssey scholion at 17.208. Here Helios and Rhode, daughter of Asopos, are the parents of no less than four children, Phaethon, Lampetie, Aigle, and Phaethousa. But although Rhode might thus seem to be Helios' proper wife, Phaethon proceeds in other accounts to seek the identity of his father, whereupon Rhode sends him to Helios. The latter unwillingly grants his request to drive the chariot, he loses control, scorching the earth, and Zeus strikes him with the thunderbolt, causing him to fall into the Eridanos and perish. ...

Hard

p. 105

Apollodorus [1.4.5] adds two daughters (of Poseidon and Amphitrite), Benthesikyme (Wave of the Deep) and Rhode, the nymph or personification of the island of Rhodes. Rhode or Rhodos became the consort of the sun-god Helios, whose cult was espercially prominent on Rhodes (see p. 43); conflicting accounts were offered for her birth.

Simpson

p. 28 n. 17 (to Ap. 1.4.5)

Rhode is the personification of the island (in Greek) Rhodos, "Rose."

Smith

Rhodos

(*(Ro/dos), was, according to Diodorus (5.55), a daughter of Poseidon and Halia, and sometimes called Rhode. The island of Rhodes was believed to have derived its name from her. According to others, she was a daughter of Helios and Amphitrite, or of Poseidon and Aphrodite, or lastly of Oceanus (Pind. O. 7.24; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 923). She was a sea-nymph, of whom the following legend is related. When the gods distributed among themselves the various countries of the earth, the island of Rhodes was yet covered by the waves of the sea. Helios was absent at the time; and as no one drew a lot for him, he was not to have any share in the distribution of the earth. But at that moment the island of Rhodes rose out of the sea, and with the consent of Zeus he took possession of it, and by the nymph of the isle he then became the father of seven sons. (Pind. O. 7.100, &c.; Ov. Met. 4.204.)