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Confirmation	Incumbent	Ideology^[a]	Originally confirmed	Result	US Senate vote^[b]
1789	None (New seat)			New seat. New justice confirmed September 26, 1789. Conservative gain.	Y John Rutledge Unopposed
1791	Thomas Johnson	Conservative	1791 (Appointed^[c])	Incumbent appointee confirmed November 7, 1791.	Y Thomas Johnson Unopposed
1793	Thomas Johnson	Conservative	1791 (Appointed^[c])	Incumbent resigned January 16, 1793. New justice confirmed March 4, 1793. Conservative hold.	Y William Paterson Unopposed
1806	William Paterson	Conservative	1793	Incumbent died September 9, 1806. New justice confirmed December 17, 1806. Conservative hold. Winner appointed early during recess on January 20, 1807.	Y Henry Brockholst Livingston Unopposed
1823	Smith Thompson	Liberal	1823 (Appointed^[d])	Incumbent appointee confirmed December 9, 1823.	Y Smith Thompson Unopposed
1844-45	Smith Thompson	Liberal	1823 (Appointed^[d])	Incumbent died December 18, 1843. Initial nominations rejected. New justice confirmed February 14, 1845. Conservative gain.	January 31, 1844: John Canfield Spencer 21 votes N Reject 26 votes June 15, 1844: On nomination of Edward King: Sustain 18 votes N Table 29 votes February 14, 1845: Y Samuel Nelson Unopposed
1872	Samuel Nelson	Conservative	1845	Incumbent retired. New justice confirmed December 11, 1872. Liberal gain.	Y Ward Hunt Unopposed
1882	Ward Hunt	Liberal	1872	Incumbent retired. Conservative loss.	Y Edward Douglass White Unopposed
1921	Edward Douglass White	Conservative	1894 (Associate Justice) 1910 (Chief Justice)	Incumbent died May 19, 1921. New chief justice confirmed June 30, 1921. Conservative hold.	Y William Howard Taft Unopposed
1930	William Howard Taft	Conservative	1921	Incumbent resigned February 3, 1930. New chief justice confirmed February 13, 1930. Liberal gain.	Y Charles Evans Hughes 52 votes Reject 26 votes
1941	Charles Evans Hughes	Liberal	1930	Incumbent retired. Liberal loss.	Y Harlan F. Stone Unopposed
1941	Harlan F. Stone Elevated from Associate Justice	Liberal	1925 (Associate Justice)	New chief justice confirmed June 27, 1941.	Y Harlan F. Stone Unopposed
1946	Harlan F. Stone	Liberal	1925 (Associate Justice) 1941 (Chief Justice)	Incumbent died April 22, 1946. New chief justice confirmed June 20, 1946. Conservative gain.	Y Fred M. Vinson Unopposed
1954	Earl Warren	Liberal	1953 (Appointed^[e])	Incumbent appointee confirmed March 1, 1954.	Y Earl Warren Unopposed
1969	Earl Warren	Liberal	1953 (Appointed^[e])	Incumbent retired. New chief justice confirmed June 9, 1969. Conservative gain.	Y Warren E. Burger 74 votes Reject 3 votes
1986	Warren E. Burger	Conservative	1969	Incumbent retired. Conservative loss.	Y William Rehnquist 65 votes Reject 33 votes
1986	William Rehnquist Elevated from Associate Justice	Conservative	1972 (Associate Justice)	New chief justice confirmed September 17, 1986.	Y William Rehnquist 65 votes Reject 33 votes
2005	William Rehnquist	Conservative	1972 (Associate Justice) 1986 (Chief Justice)	Incumbent died September 3, 2005. New chief justice confirmed September 29, 2005. Conservative hold.	Y John Roberts 78 votes Reject 22 votes

Notes[edit]

^ The terms "Conservative" and "Liberal" are simply used to provide the most accurate labels for justices and cannot properly reflect the deeper nuance of justices' ideologies.
^ Due to the informality of the ideological labels given, they are not shown beside the justices' names in this column.
^ ^a ^b Recess appointment on September 16, 1791, after John Rutledge resigned on March 5, 1791.
^ ^a ^b Recess appointment on September 1, 1823, after Henry Brockholst Livingston died on March 18, 1823.
^ ^a ^b Recess appointment on October 5, 1953, after Fred M. Vinson died on September 8, 1953.

[1] The terms "Conservative" and "Liberal" are simply used to provide the most accurate labels for justices and cannot properly reflect the deeper nuance of justices' ideologies.

[2] Due to the informality of the ideological labels given, they are not shown beside the justices' names in this column.

[TJRA-3] Recess appointment on September 16, 1791, after John Rutledge resigned on March 5, 1791.

[STRA-4] Recess appointment on September 1, 1823, after Henry Brockholst Livingston died on March 18, 1823.

[EWR-5] Recess appointment on October 5, 1953, after Fred M. Vinson died on September 8, 1953.

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