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James Benjamin Hawkes
Photograph of Canadian politician J.B. Hawkes
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
In office 1898–1905
Preceded by	Daniel Mowat
Succeeded by	District abolished
Constituency	South Regina
Personal details
Born	(1857-01-09)January 9, 1857 Birmingham, Warwickshire, England
Died	July 29, 1936(1936-07-29) (aged 79) Peachland, British Columbia
Political party	Conservative Party of Canada
Spouse	Marian Shaw
Children	Nine
Residence(s)	Balgonie, Canada
Occupation	Farmer
Signature	File:James Benjamin Hawkes Signature.svg

James Benjamin Hawkes (9 January 1857 - 29 July 1936) was a Canadian pioneer and politician who served as an MLA in the Northwest Territories.

Early Life

James Hawkes came to Canada from England in 1880 to work on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Next, he constructed narrow gauge track to Lethbridge. He married Marian Shaw in 1885. The couple homesteaded near Balgonie and also ran the community's general store. He soon owned one of the largest wheat farms on the Prairies, and during the hard times following the crop failures of 1893 and 1894 he gave great assistance to the farmers of the community.

He served as Justice of the Peace for Balgonie and from 1891-1897 he served as the postmaster as well. It was subsequently alleged in the Canadian House of Commons that he had been terminated as postmaster by the newly elected Liberal government for partisan reasons.

Political Career

He was active in organizing for the Conservative party in the Balgonie area from as early as 1887. In 1894 the then independent MP Dalton McCarthy presented a petition on behalf of Hawkes to the House of Commons requesting repeal of the clauses of the Northwest Territories Act mandating bilingualism in the courts and legislation of the territories.

He contested the seat of South Regina in the Legislature in the 1898 Northwest Territories General Election. An attempt was made during the campaign to use his pronounced Conservative loyalties against him, he responded by declaring that although he was opposed at present to the introduction of partisan politics in the Territorial Legislature, when they came everyone knew full well on which side he would be found.

When it became known that he had won the election "a tremendous demonstration took place in Regina.... a procession was formed, bonfires lighted and the successful candidate was carried around the town shoulder high. Beer flowed like water and everything went to show the great popularity of the "People's Jim""

It was widely speculated that he would be the Conservative candidate for the Dominion House of Commons to replace Nicholas Flood Davin but in the event he chose not to run. He was comfortably retained in his seat in the 1902 Northwest Territories general election with a substantially increased majority.

In 1903 he introduced the charter bill requesting Regina's incorporation as a city. He stated that, "Regina has the brightest future before it of any place in the North West Territories". The bill passed with no opposition and Regina became a City 19 June, 1903.

In 1904 he was on the committee founding St. Philip's Anglican Church in Balgonie.

Following the creation of the province of Saskatchewan, Hawkes stood as the Provincial Rights candidate for South Regina in the 1905 general election. Provincial Rights was the moniker adopted by Saskatchewan's Conservative Party from 1905-1912.

Following his narrow defeat in 1905 against the Minister of Education, J.A. Calder, Hawkes ran in 1908 for the Provincial Rights nomination in Regina County, the riding that Premier Thomas Walter Scott represented. The nomination campaign against Frederick Clarke Tate proved particularly acrimonious, and after Hawkes suffered a close defeat many of his supporters declared that it was unacceptable that a man who had given so much for the Tory cause should be deprived of the candidacy and that they would refuse to support Tate. James Hawkes declared that for his part he would not lift a finger for Tate.

The Liberals, sought to take advantage of this division by asking Hawkes to defect, and it was reported that should he run as a Liberal or even as an independent in that constituency he would receive "a good thing" from the government. Hawkes rejected the Liberal offers and subsequently announced that he would support Tate, and it was believed that his large following within the German community would be decisive in the election. Recognizing that Hawkes could not be bought, members of the local Liberal association then offered the nomination to R.A. Carman, solely because he was known to be a friend of James Hawkes, but ultimately Carman did not run either. With the support of Hawkes the Provincial Rights candidate took the seat.

Hawkes had to withdraw from active politics due to a hearing problem but he remained a strong supporter of the Conservative party to the end of his life.

Later Life and Legacy

In 1911 Hawkes sold the farm and moved to Regina, serving as President and Manager of Regent Financial Corporation Ltd. a real estate company with a portfolio including C.P.R. Farm Lands. During the First World War all three of his sons signed up with The 79th Cameron Highlanders of Canada serving in battles such as Vimy Ridge and Cambrai. All three were wounded, and one, Lieutenant Walter James Hawkes MM MC lost his life.

In 1917 James Hawkes was serving as a Homestead Inspector engaging in seed grain and relief collections for the Dominion government. Later he worked for the Soldier Settlement Board. In 1922 he sold the Regina home that was adjacent to that of Sir Frederick Haultain, then Chief Justice of Saskatchewan, but formerly the Premier of the Northwest Territories when James Hawkes had served in the Legislature, in order to move to Peachland, British Columbia. They brought with them their youngest daughter as well as James' mother in law, Ann Pilkington Shaw, who had already been residing with the family in Regina for a number of years.

They bought a fruit farm and he also worked as road foreman for the provincial government for several years. They were very active in the community, particularly in the Anglican Church, with Marian and her daughter playing a leading role in the Anglican Women's Auxiliary.

James Benjamin Hawkes passed away on 29 July, 1936, and his wife Marian followed him within the year.

Hawkes Avenue and Bay in Regina, as well as Hawkes Avenue in Balgonie were named in honour of James. Additionally, Hawkes Street in Peachland was named after James and his wife.

Electoral Record

1898 election

1898 Northwest Territories general election: South Regina
	Name	Vote	%
	James Hawkes	273	51.03%
	J.W. Smith	210	39.25%
	William F. Eddy	52	9.72%
Total Votes		535	100%

1902 election

1902 Northwest Territories general election: South Regina
	Name	Vote	%
	James Hawkes	455	65.75%
	J.W. Smith	237	34.25%
Total Votes		692	100%

1905 Election

Saskatchewan general election, 1905: South Regina

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	James Alexander Calder	872	52.15%	–
	Provincial Rights	James Benjamin Hawkes	800	47.85%	–
Total			1,672	100.00%

References

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