User:Skip125/sandboxHGsulfate
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| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
Mercuric sulfate, Mercurypersulfate, Mercury Bisulfate [1]
| |
| Identifiers | |
| UNII | |
| Properties | |
| HgSO4 | |
| Molar mass | 296.65 g/mol |
| Appearance | white monoclinic crystals |
| Density | 6.47 g/cm³, solid |
| 450° Decomposes[2] | |
| Decomposes in water to yellow mercuric subsulfate and sulfuric acid [3] | |
| Solubility | soluble in hot H2SO4, NaCl solution |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-707.5 kJ mol-1[4] |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Mercury(II) sulfate, commonly called mercuric sulfate is the chemical compound HgSO4. It is an odorless solid that forms white granules or crystalline powder. In water, it separates into an insoluble sulfate with a yellow color and sulfuric acid.[4]
History[edit]
In 1932, the Japanese chemical company Chisso Corporation began using Mercury sulfate as the catalyst for the production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and water. Though it was unknown at the time, Methylmercury is formed as side product of this reaction. Exposure and consumption of the mercury waste products, including Methylmercury, that were dumped into Minamata Bay by Chisso are believed to be the cause of Minamata disease in Minamata, Japan[5].
Production[edit]
Mercury Sulfate, HgSO4, can be produced two ways:
By heating concentrated H2SO4 with elemental mercury[6]
Or by dissolving solid yellow mercuric oxide in concentrated sulfuric acid and water. [7]
Uses[edit]
Denigés' Reagent[edit]
Mercury Sulfate is also known as the Denigés' Reagent. It was commonly used throughout the 20th century as a qualitative analysis reagent. If mercury sulfate is added to a solution containing compounds that have tertiary alcohols a yellow or red precipitate will form.[8]
Production of Acetaldehyde[edit]
As previously mentioned, HgSO4 was used as the catalyst for the production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and water. [9]
Oxymercuration-Demercuration of Alkenes[edit]
Mercury Compounds such as mercury sulfate and mercury(II) acetate are commonly used as catalysts in the oxymercuration-demercuration, a type of Electrophilic Addition reactions. The hydration of an alkene results in an alcohol that follows regioselectivity that is predicted by Markovnikov's Rule[citation needed].
Hydration of Alkynes[edit]
The reaction scheme is provided below. The conversion of 2,5-dimethyhexyn-2,5-diol to 2,2,5,5-tetramethylte-trahydrofuran using aqueous mercury sulfate without the addition of acid.[10]
Health Issues[edit]
Inhilation of HgSO4 can result in acute poisoning: causing tightness in the chest, difficulties breathing, coughing and pain. Exposure of HgSO4 to the eyes can cause ulceration of conjunctiva and cornea. If mercury sulfate is exposed to the skin it may cause sensitization dermatitis. Lastly, ingestion of mercury sulfate will cause necrosis, pain, vomiting, and severe purging. Ingestion can result in death within a few hours due to peripheral vascular collapse.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Chemicalbook". Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ Wu, Shengji (2011). "Fundamental Study on Decomposition Characteristics of Mercury Compounds over Solid Powder by Temperature-Programmed Decomposition Desorption Mass Spectrometry". Energy & Fuels. 25 (1): 144–153. doi:10.1021/ef1009499.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ chembook
- ^ a b Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 5–19, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
- ^ http://www.hgtech.com/Information/Minamata_Japan.html
- ^ http://www.epa.gov/hg/pdfs/mercury-rpt-to-congress.pdf
- ^ Robey, R. F. (1947). "Test for tert-Butyl and Isopropyl Alcohols with Deniges Reagent". Analytical Chemistry. 19 (5): 310–311. doi:10.1021/ac60005a007.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ MARKS, E. M. (1939). "Reaction of Aliphatic Ethers with Denigés' Reagent". J. Org. Chem. 3 (6): 598–602. doi:10.1021/jo01223a008.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Vogt, R; Nieuwland, J (September 1921). "THE ROLE OF MERCURY SALTS IN THE CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF ACETYLENE INTO ACETALYDEHYDE, AND A NEW COMMERCIAL PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARALDEHYDE". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (9): 2071–81. doi:10.1021/ja01442a010.
- ^ Wasacz, J. P. (1982). "A hydration of an alkyne illustrating steam and vacuum distillation". Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (8): 694. doi:10.1021/ed059p694.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
External Links[edit]
- National Pollutant Inventory - Mercury and compounds Fact Sheet
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Category:Sulfates Category:Mercury compounds
ar:كبريتات الزئبق الثنائي de:Quecksilber(II)-sulfat fr:Sulfate de mercure(II) it:Solfato mercurico hu:Higany(II)-szulfát nl:Kwik(II)sulfaat