User:Smjeanbaptiste/sandbox
Bipolar Diagnosis[edit]
If you have bipolar disorder, you will probably need medication. In reality, you may need bipolar medication for the rest of your life. Diagnosis is based on the self-reported experiences of an individual as well as abnormalities in behavior reported by family members, friends or co-workers, followed by secondary signs observed by a psychiatrist, nurse, social worker, clinical psychologist or other clinician in a clinical assessment. There are lists of criteria for someone to be so diagnosed. These depend on both the presence and duration of certain signs and symptoms. It's not something you can cure with willpower. Taking bipolar disorder medication is just like taking medication for high blood pressure or heart disease. Assessment is usually done on an outpatient basis; admission to an inpatient facility is considered if there is a risk to oneself or others.
Mood swings and impulsive behavior can sometimes reflect psychiatric problems other than bipolar disorder, including:
- Substance use disorders
- Borderline personality disorder
- Conduct disorders
- Impulse control disorders
- Developmental disorders
- Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
- Certain anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. [1]
Doctors use a number of different classes and brands of drugs to treat bipolar disorder. Treatment for bipolar mania may include [2], [3], [4], and [5].
An initial assessment may include a physical exam by a physician. Although there are no biological tests which confirm bipolar disorder, tests may be carried out to exclude medical illnesses such as hypo- or hyperthyroidism, metabolic disturbance, a systemic infection or chronic disease, and syphilis or HIV infection. An EEG may be used to exclude epilepsy, and a CT scan of the head to exclude brain lesions. Investigations are not generally repeated for relapse unless there is a specific medical indication.
While doctors don’t rely on brain scans or imaging tests for making a bipolar diagnosis, some high tech neuroimaging tests may help doctors make specific neurologic diagnoses that can account for psychiatric symptoms. An MRI or CT scan is therefore sometimes ordered in patients who have had a sudden change in thinking, mood, or behavior to assure that a neurological disease is not the underlying cause. [6]
Several rating scales for the screening and evaluation of bipolar disorder exist, such as the Bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale.[7] The use of evaluation scales can not substitute a full clinical interview but they serve to systematize the recollection of symptoms.[7] On the other hand instruments for the screening of bipolar disorder have low sensitivity[clarification needed] and limited diagnostic validity.[7]
- ^ http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-disorder-diagnosis?page=2/
- ^ |Lithium (medication)|
- ^ anticonvulsant
- ^ antipsychotics
- ^ benzodiazepines
- ^ http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-disorder-diagnosis?page=3
- ^ a b c Picardi, A. (2009). "Rating scales in bipolar disorder". Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 22 (1): 42–49. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328315a4d2. PMID 19122534.
tag
Apprenticeship[edit]
Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a structured competency a basic set of skills. Apprenticeships ranged from craft occupations or trades to those seeking a professional license to practice in a regulated profession. 'Apprentices' (or in early modern usage "prentices") or protégés build their careers from apprenticeships. Most of their training is done while working for an employer who helps the apprentices learn their trade or profession, in exchange for their continuing labor for an agreed period after they have achieved measurable competencies.
To be successful, the individual must have perseverance, ambition, and initiative. Like a college education, the successful completion of an apprenticeship term does not come easily, but is the result of hard work on the part of the apprentice. In practically every skilled occupation, more than fundamental knowledge of arithmetic is essential. The ability to read, write and speak well is beneficial in any walk of life, but in some apprenticeship occupations it is more important than in others</ref>
tag & Schultz, Duane (2010). Psychology and work today. New York: Prentice Hall</ref>.