User:Steveprutz/jamestown/timeline

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Timeline of events of Jamestown Colony, Virginia (1606-1699)

work[edit]

See also: Timeline of Richmond, Virginia and Timeline of the European colonization of North America

Timeline of events related to the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia. Dates are New Style (e.g., the first landing occurred May 4 1607 [O.S. 14 May 1607])

Population changes[edit]

pop changes

Governours/Commanders[edit]

govs
    1. 1607 May Wingfield
    2. 1607 Sep Ratcliffe
    3. 1608 Jul ____?
    4. 1608 Sep J. Smith
    5. 1608 ___ Matt Scrivener
    6. 1609 Oct G. Percy
    7. 1610 May T. Gates
    8. 1610 Jun T. West
    9. 1611 Mar G. Percy
    10. 1612 ___ T. Dale
    11. 1616 ___ G. Yeardley
    12. 1617 ___ S. Argall
    13. 1618 Apr G. Yeardley
    14. 1621 ___ Frances Wyatt

Before 1606[edit]

1606[edit]

1607[edit]

See also: List of Jamestown colonists
Map of Chesapeake Bay and Jamestown, 1607
Sketch of James Fort by Spanish ambassador to England, Pedro de Zúñiga y de la Cueva [es]
  • June 15, 1607 (1607-06-15): Initial construction of James Fort concludes
  • c. June 1607 (1607-06): Sometime before setting sail, Christopher Newport convinces leaders to free John Smith and appoint Smith to the council[8]
  • June 22, 1607 (1607-06-22): Newport sails for England in the Susan Constant (with cargo of fool's gold and dirt[9]), leaving the Discovery and reassembled shallops for the colonists to use in the rivers and bays
  • c. June 22, 1607 (1607-06-22): Jamestown colonists begin to suffer (and succumb) to diseases (such as "swellings", "fluxes", and "fevers") due to non-potable water and mosquito-borne illnesses
  • c. June 22, 1607 (1607-06-22): Chief Powhatan sends corn and venison to the malnourished Jamestown settlers
  • August 12, 1607 (1607-08-12): The Susan Constant (Newport) arrives back in London, England
  • August 22, 1607 (1607-08-22): Bartholomew Gosnold dies
  • September 10, 1607 (1607-09-10): Council President Edward Maria Wingfield is deposed/impeached and arrested for allegedly hoarding food. John Ratcliffe becomes president. George Kendall is imprisoned for mutiny, and held on the Discovery.[10]
  • On 10th December 1607 Captain Smith, of whom it is said " the Spaniard never more greedily desired gold than he victail," with nine men in the barge, left James Town to get more corn, and also to explore the upper waters of the Chickahominy. They got the barge up as far as Apocant. Seven men were left in it, with orders to keep in midstream. They disobeyed, went into the village, and one of them, George Cassen, was caught; the other six, barely escaping to the barge/shallop, brought it back to James Town. It so happened that Opecanchanough (the brother of Powhatan, whom he succeeded in 1618, and who carried out the great massacre of the English on Good Friday 1621) was in that neighbourhood with two or three hundred Indians on a hunting expedition. He ascertained from Cassen where Smith was, who, ignorant of all this, had, with John Robinson and Thomas Emry, gone in a canoe 20 m. farther up the river. The Indians killed Robinson and Emry while they were sleeping by the campfire, and went after Smith, who was away getting food. They surprised him, and. though he bravely defended himself, he had at last to surrender. He then set his wits to confound them with his superior knowledge, and succeeded. Opecanchanough led him about the country for a wonder, and finally, about 5th January 1608, brought him to Powhatan at Werowocomoco.
  • December 1607 (1607-12): John Smith is taken by Opechancanough to Werowocomoco, either to be inducted as a ceremonial tribe member or to be executed. Pocahantas participates.

1608[edit]

  • c. January 1608: only 38 to 40 colonists were alive, and Ratcliffe and the Council planned to return to England on Discovery.
  • c. January 1608: John Smith returns to Jamestown from his encounter with Powhatan
  • c. January 1608: President John Ratcliffe holds John Smith responsible for the deaths of two English explorers, and is sentenced to death by hanging[citation needed]
  • January 2, 1608 (1608-01-02): Newport and the "first supply" mission ships (the John and Francis and Phoenix) arrive in Jamestown, adding 60 to 100 settlers to the colony. Newport overturns Smith's death sentence.
  • January 7, 1608: James Fort conflagration occurs through carelessness, burning down most wattle/straw shelters and the food storehouse.[11] Colonists have to live in the ruins to overwinter.[12]
  • Feb 1608: Newport and Smith trade with Powhatan. Thomas Savage (a boy) is sent to live with natives; Namontack is sent to live with English.[13]
  • April 10, 1608 (1608-04-10): Newport sails for England again
  • May 21, 1608 (1608-05-21): Newport and supply ships arrive back in England, London, England!
  • June 2, 1608 (1608-06-02) – July 22, 1608 (1608-07-22): John Smith explores Chesapeake Bay and rivers to find food and passage to the Pacific Ocean
  • c. 1608 Printing of John Smith's True Relation of Virginia in London, England.
  • June 8-10 1608: At Roaring Point, natives attempt to repel Smith and English explorers with archers waiting on the shore. The next evening, Smith comes ashore and leaves a basket of trade goods. Eventually, four Nanticoke men unaware of the situation meet with Smith and spread the word that he does not wish to attack. Hundreds of people come down the river to talk and tradeh.
    • June 17 1608: At Nomini Bay, two native men invite Smith's shallop crew to go up the creek. They are led into an ambush. However, gunfire disarms the Indians, and ceasing fire, they exchange hostages. The weroance explains that paramount chief Powhatan had ordered the ambush.
    • June 18-July 16 1608: voyage continues, with exploration of Potomac River and stops at many towns along the way. They meet a Wighcocomoco man named Mosco. Smith guesses that he is partly of European descent due to facial hair--a European trait. Mosco guides the English along a portion of the Potomac.
    • July 17 1608: Smith is wounded by stingray near the mouth of the Rappahannock River. He is treated by a doctor and survives.
    • July 18-21 1608: Smith's shallop returns to Jamestown
  • July 1608: John Ratcliffe left office (either by resignation or deposition) in July 1608, two months before the end of his term.
  • Sept 10, 1608: John Smith is elected to serve a one-year term as president of the council. His term was to end September 10, 1609.[14]
  • July 24, 1608 (1608-07-24) – September 27, 1608 (1608-09-27): Smith's second exploration of Chesapeake Bay and rivers to find food and passage to the Pacific Ocean. Matthew Scrivener is in command in Jamestown while Smith is gone.
  • c. October 1, 1608 (1608-10-01): Newport and the "second supply" mission ships (the Mary and Margaret) arrive in Jamestown, adding about 70 settlers to the colony. Included are Jamestown Polish craftsmen and the first English women in the New World: Mistress Margaret Fox Forrest and Anne Burras.
  • c. October 1608 (1608-10): Newport, John Smith, and armed men meet with Powhatan (Wahunsenacawh) to bestow gifts such as a feather mattress. Included is a coronation ceremony (using a metal crown with fake jewels[15]), which attempted to make Wahunsenacawh a vassal of King James I.[16]
  • c. 1608 Hog Island contains a drove of 60 pigs, which go unused by the colonists.[17]
  • November 1608: "1608-11: Jamestown's first wedding (of two English): Anne Burras marries John Laydon, a carpenter[18]
  • December 1, 1608 (1608-12-01): George Kendall is executed for treason

1609[edit]

Second Virginia Charter
  • January 7, 1609 (1609-01-07): Matthew Scrivener drowns in the James River, near Hog Island
  • c. springtime 1609: John Smith decrees, "He who does not work, neither shall he eat"
  • July 1609 The Spanish reconnaissance ship, La Asunción de Cristo, is driven off by the timely arrival of Mary and John (captained by Samuel Argall), preventing the Spanish Empire from discovering a weakened Jamestown.
  • June 2, 1609 (1609-06-02): Newport, George Somers and the "third supply" ships (Sea Venture, Catch, Diamond, Falcon, Blessinge, Unitie, Lion, Swallow, and Virginia) form a flotilla and depart England
  • July 24, 1609 (1609-07-24): A tropical storm hits the supply mission flotilla separating ships and delaying the resupply
  • July 28, 1609 (1609-07-28): The Sea Venture is shipwrecked near Gates' Bay, St. George's Island, Bermuda. The 150 Virginia-bound people become castaways on the uncolonized island, dubbed "Virgineola".
  • c. summer 1609 Stephen Hopkins is accused of mutiny for wanting to remain in Bermuda, arguing the Virginia Company contract voided by shipwreck
  • c. fall 1609 Fort Algernon is built nearby Jamestown
  • c. Oct 1609: John Smith is severely wounded by a gunpowder accident, and must return to England for proper treatment.
  • c. Oct 1609: Captain George Percy takes over as president[19]
  • Oct 4 1609: Seven of the nine ships of the "third supply" mission arrive, delivering approximately 350 colonists but little supply
  • November 1609 (1609-11): After trading for corn with Powhatan confederacy natives, John Ratcliffe is stripped naked, flayed, and burned at the stake
  • c. November 1609 (1609-11) – June 1610 (1610-06): Starving Time begins in the winter, killing many
  • circa winter 1609-10 Gabriel Archer dies

1610[edit]

  • Feb 1610: Bermuda Rolfe (baby girl) is born to John Rolfe and wife, on the child's namesake island, but soon perishes
  • Feb 1610: Bermudas Eason (baby boy) is born to Edward Eason and wife, on the child's namesake island...
    • Two children were born in Bermuda: the daughter of the Rolfes, Bermuda Rolfe, who died and was buried in Bermuda; and Bermudas Eason, the son of Edward Eason and his wife. Minus Carter and Waters, this would give a figure of 137 passengers and crew that continued to Jamestown aboard the Deliverance and Patience, including one child born in Bermuda after the wreck of the Sea Venture) set sail for Virginia on 10 May 1610, and arrived at the Jamestown settlement on the 23rd, a journey of less than two weeks.
    • Two sailors, Christopher Carter and Edward Waters (whom some records name Robert Waters), remained behind; Waters faced possible trial for the killing of another sailor and had fled into the forest. Carter, like many others of the settlers and crew, did not wish to leave Bermuda and had joined Waters in the forest to avoid being compelled to leave.
  • March: 60 out of 500 colonists remain alive. Francis and 36 aren't counted as they had absconded.
  • May 23, 1610 (1610-05-23): Thomas Gates, Newport, Somers, and some 130 castaway-colonists arrive from Bermuda in Virginia to find only 60 colonists remaining (out of 600 expected settlers)[20][21]
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20051122024429/http://www.apva.org/history/timeline.html
  • May24
    • Thomas Gates and Thomas Dale issue Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall [sic], also known as Dale's Code, a martial law/authoritarian system of government
  • June 7:
    • Thomas Gates decides to abandon Jamestown. Colonists plan to head north to Newfoundland fishing settlements for food and evacuation.
    • "This consultation taking effect, our governour, having caused to be carried aboard all the arms and all the best things in the store which might to the adventurers make some commodity upon sale thereof at home, and burying our ordnances before the fort gate which looked into the river, ..." William Strachey (Wright 1964:76)
  • June 8:
    • Jamestown refugees meet the supply ships of Thomas West, Lord De La Warr at Mulberry Island. West convinces the colonists to return to Jamestown with fresh men and supplies.
  • Jul 9 1610 St. John's Episcopal Church (Hampton, Virginia) is founded on Cape Henry
  • August 9, 1610 De la Warr sends Percy with 70 colonists to attack the Paspahegh and Chickahominy villages, burning buildings, destroying crops, and killing up to 75 natives. This ignited the first of the Anglo-Powhatan Wars.
  • June 19 1610: George Somers and Samuel Argall sail for Bermuda to gather wild hogs for Jamestown.[22]
  • July 20, 1610: Sir Thomas Gates leaves Jamestown for England, where he will use his story of the Sea Venture to advocate for the colony and spur further investment. Aboard with him are two Virginia Indians recently taken prisoner: weroance Sasenticum and his son Kainta.
  • c. 9 November 1610 George Somers dies at Bermuda from exhaustion

1611[edit]

  • c. 1611: Henricus is founded on Farrar's Island
  • c. 1611: Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr contracts an illness. He boards a ship bound for Nevis, West Indies, (captained by Samual Argall), but is blown off course and forced to sail to England.[23]
  • March 1611: When the Thomas West returns to England, he appoints George Percy to lead the colony in his absence.
  • August 1611: Sir Thomas Gates returns to Virginia at the head of an expedition that includes three ships, 280 men, 20 women, 200 heads of cattle, 200 swine, and various other supplies and equipment
  • c. 1611: Puritan Reverand Alexander Whitaker arrives in Jamestown.[24]
  • c. 1611: John Rolfe cultivates Nicotiana tabacum as a viable cash crop (marketed as "Orinoco tobacco")

1612[edit]

  • c. 1612 (1612): Area drought ends after six years
  • c. 1612: The town of "New London" (later named St. George's, Bermuda) is founded, becoming the oldest continuously-inhabited British town in the New World

1613[edit]

Depiction of Samuel Argall making peace with the Chickahominy tribe in 1614

1614[edit]

1615[edit]

1616[edit]

1617[edit]

  • c. 1617 "Capt. Samuel Argall returns to replace George Yeardley as governour"[28], finding the town in a deteriorated/decayed state
  • c. In March 1617, John Rolfe and Rebecca/Pocahontas board a ship to return to Virginia, but they had sail only as far as Gravesend on the River Thames when Pocahontas becomes gravely ill.
  • c. March 1617: Rebecca/Pocahontas dies from unknown causes (perhaps a respiratory disease), aged 20 or 21 years.
  • c. 1617 Alexander Whitaker drowns in the James River

1618[edit]

  • c. 1618 Powhatan (Native American leader) dies. His son Opechancanough succeeds as chief-paramount
  • "De La Warr dies on way to VA; replaced by Yeardley in April"[29]
  • November 18, 1618: The Virginia Company of London issues its "Instructions to George Yeardley," which includes the commissioning of a general assembly and the headright system. Part of the purpose was to encourage settlers to come to Virginia, which included building a college. These instructions come to be known as the Great Charter.[30]

1619[edit]

1620[edit]

1621[edit]

  • c. November 1621: Nemattanew (known derisively as "Jack-of-a-Feather") is slain by settlers

1622[edit]

  • c. March 1622: Ship Seaflower containing relief supplies for Virginia, is accidentally sunk in Bermuda[35]
  • March 22, 1622 (1622-03-22): Indian massacre of 1622 occurs, killing over 350 people in surrounding plantations and Henricus
  • Dec 20: Ship Abigail arrives with hungry, diseased passengers.[36] The colony is reduced to 500 settlers over the winter.

1623[edit]

  • 1623: Conspiring with William Tucker, Dr John Pott feed poisoned wine to 200 natives, killing them in retaliation to the previous year's massacre

1624[edit]

1626[edit]

1631[edit]

  • June 21 1631 John Smith died in London, England

1639[edit]

  • 1639 The King formally approves the restoration of the General Assembly.

1644[edit]

  • In April 1644, Opechancanough planned another coordinated attack, which resulted in the deaths of another 350-500 of the 8,000 settlers in outlying plantations.[38]
    • 1644 Indian uprising killed five hundred Europeans in outlying plantations.

1646[edit]

  • Opechancanough was captured, taken to Jamestown, and shot in the back by a guard--against orders--and killed[39]

1676[edit]

Torching of Jamestown in 1676

1693[edit]

1698[edit]

  • Another fire is started by a prisoner awaiting execution.[40] The conflagration destroys the prison and the statehouse. The legislature temporarily relocates to Middle Plantation and was able to meet in the new facilities of the College of William & Mary

1699[edit]

  • Colony capital permanently moves to Middle Plantation, which is renamed Williamsburg

1750[edit]

  • c. 1750: Jamestown ownership consolidated into two families via land sales: Travis and Ambler.[41]

References[edit]

  1. ^ https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm#beginning
  2. ^ http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
  3. ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
  4. ^ a b c d https://historicjamestowne.org/history/jamestown-timeline/
  5. ^ Blanton, Dennis B. "Drought as a Factor in the Jamestown Colony, 1607-1612." Historical Archaeology 34, no. 4 (2000): 74-81. JSTOR 25616853.
  6. ^ https://www.tclf.org/hog-island-wildlife-management-area
  7. ^ https://dwr.virginia.gov/marsh-cam/history-of-hog-island/
  8. ^ http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/bermuda.html
  9. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  10. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  11. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  12. ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
  13. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  14. ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
  15. ^ Rountree, Helen C. (2006). Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. ISBN 9780813933405.
  16. ^ Horn, James (2008). A Land As God Made It: Jamestown and the Birth of America. p. 107. ISBN 9780786721986.
  17. ^ https://www.tclf.org/hog-island-wildlife-management-area
  18. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  19. ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
  20. ^ https://www.historynet.com/the-hurricane-that-saved-jamestown/
  21. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051122024429/http://www.apva.org/history/timeline.html
  22. ^ http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/bermuda.html
  23. ^ https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/west-thomas-twelfth-baron-de-la-warr-1576-1618/
  24. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  25. ^ https://archive.ph/20120724190906/http://www.dhr.state.va.us/hiway_markers/marker.cfm#selection-187.355-187.416
  26. ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
  27. ^ ISBN 9781425796389, 1425796389
  28. ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
  29. ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
  30. ^ "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36181/36181-h/36181-h.htm#pg_8
  31. ^ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/polish-artisans-strike-right-vote-jamestown-virginia-1619#:~:text=The%20exact%20dates%20are%20not%20known%2C%20what%20is,must%20have%20have%20been%20when%20the%20strike%20occurred.
  32. ^ https://history.house.virginia.gov/
  33. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20191221100018/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2019/07-08/virginia-first-africans-transatlantic-slave-trade/
  34. ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
  35. ^ Lefroy, Sir John Henry (1877). Memorials of the discovery and early settlement of the Bermudas or Somers Islands, 1515-1685. pp. XXXV, 119, 264, 287, 326.
  36. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
  37. ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
  38. ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
  39. ^ Shefveland, Kristalyn Marie (2016). Anglo-Native Virginia Trade, Conversion, and Indian Slavery in the Old Dominion, 1646-1722. p. 8. ISBN 9780820350257.
  40. ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/a-short-history-of-jamestown.htm
  41. ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm

[[Category:Timelines of cities in Virginia]] [[Category:17th century in Virginia]]
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