User:Vami IV/sandbox10
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Background[edit]
- P1 - Indigenous Texas
- "Originally, the Comanches lived west of the Rocky Mountains, in the northern Great Basin area of Wyoming and Colorado. ... In about 1500 they drifted east of the Rockies and began a buffalo-hunting lifestyle north of the Arkansas River. ... Over the next two centuries the Comanches ... acquired horses. Wanting more and pushed a little by [other indigenous nations] moving onto the plains during the mid-1600s, the more southerly Comanche bands began migrating toward Texas."[1]
- The Comanche were primarily made up of five groups, from south to north: the Penatekas, who were the most numerous, the Noconis, the Kotsotekas, the Kwahadis, and the Yamparikas.[2]
- Arrived in Texas around 1700 and immediately started with the Apache peoples for control of the turf and trade. Over the 18th century, the Comanches and tribes allied with them against the Apache peoples had driven them out of the Southern Plains, and fought the Spanish after they aligned with the Apaches.[3]
- "The real power in Texas at the end of the eighteenth century was the Comanches. The comanchería extended from Central Texas to the Arkansas River, from the Pueblo villages in New Mexico to the Cross Timbers of East Texas."[4]
As Spanish authority collapse in Texas in the early 19th century, eastern indigenous peoples poured into (eastern) Texas and America(ns) began to eye the region.[5]
- A band of the Cherokee moved into Texas in the 1820s under Chief Bowles[6]
- "As Chief [Bowles]'s Cherokees migrated into northeast Texas in 1819... In 1822 Taovaya raids forced [Bowles] to move his Cherokees... to the region north of Nacogdoches."[7]
- More Cherokees joined Bowles in Texas beginning in at least 1822.[8]
- "[600] Cherokees [...] farmed a large territory north of the Old San Antonio Road, bounded by the Sabine and Trinity Rivers in present-day Rusk, Cherokee, and Smith Counties."[9]
- The Cherokee leader Richard Fields (Cherokee chief) was trying to build a confederacy in Texas with Mexican consent, but the idea of a Cherokee confederacy put the Mexicans off, and the seeking of that consent put the Anglos off.[10]
- When Americans began settling in Texas at Mexican invitation, Mexico gave them land title. They did not give land titles to the Cherokees.[11]
- created in 1824 for the exile of eastern indigenous nations. many hated oklahoma and decided to settle in Texas instead.[9]
The Caddo leader Dehahuit had tried in the early 19th century to build a confederation of indigenous peoples in Texas against Anglo-American encroachment. This did not happen and happened even less when the Mexican government began inviting the Anglos into Texas. Not helping things for Dehahuit was that the Cherokees under Chief Bowles also wanted to build a confederacy in Texas.[7]
- When Dehahuit died, the Cherokees lapped the Caddo as the leaders of Eastern Texas. They also became targets for Comanche raiders.[10]
- P2 - The Invaders
During Houston's first presidency, delegations were sent to various indigenous nations to sign treaties securing peace with them.[TSHA: Republic of Texas]
Anglo-American colonization of Texas
- P3 - Race War
Cherokee War of 1839
Killing of peace delegates and street fighting[edit]
Aftermath[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ La Vere 2004, p. 134.
- ^ La Vere 2004, pp. 134–135.
- ^ La Vere 2004, pp. 137–146.
- ^ La Vere 2004, p. 149.
- ^ La Vere 2004, p. 161.
- ^ La Vere 2004, pp. 157–158.
- ^ a b La Vere 2004, p. 164.
- ^ La Vere 2004, pp. 164–165.
- ^ a b La Vere 2004, pp. 160–161.
- ^ a b La Vere 2004, p. 166.
- ^ La Vere 2004, p. 167.
Sources[edit]
Books and articles[edit]
- Anderson, H. Allen (October 1990). "The Delaware and Shawnee Indians and the Republic of Texas, 1820-1845". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 94 (2). Texas State Historical Association: 231–260. ISSN 1558-9560. JSTOR 30241361.
- Chapman, John (October 1936). "SAN ANTONIO". Southwest Review. 22 (1). Southern Methodist University: 16–40. ISSN 0038-4712. JSTOR 43462303.
- Geiser, Samuel Wood (December 1934). "Some Frontier Naturalists". BIOS. 5 (4). Beta Beta Beta: 141–152. ISSN 0005-3155. JSTOR 4604038.
- Hämäläinen, Pekka (2008). The Comanche Empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300126549.
- Howell, Kenneth W.; Swanlund, Charles, eds. (2017). Single Star of the West: The Republic of Texas, 1836-1845. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574416848.
- La Vere, David (2004). The Texas Indians. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9781603445610.
- Moore, Stephen L. (2002). Savage Frontier Volume III 1840-1841: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574413885.
- Tate, Michael L. (January 1974). "Military relations between the Republic of Texas and the Comanche Indians". Journal of the West. 13 (1). ABC-Clio: 67–77. ISSN 0022-5169.
- Uglow, Loyd (2022). A Military History of Texas. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574418767.
Texas State Historical Association[edit]
- "Plum Creek, Battle of". Handbook of Texas Online. January 3, 2022 [1952]. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- Roell, Craig H. (November 22, 2020) [March 1, 1995]. "Linnville Raid of 1840". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on July 17, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- Schilz, Jodye Lynn Dickson (October 19, 2020) [1952]. "Council House Fight". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- Schilz, Jodye Lynn Dickson (September 30, 2020) [1952]. "Buffalo Hump". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on October 29, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2023.