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History of spaceflight

• is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
  • The article appears primarily on point. one section that stands out is the competition develops section, which is much more fleshed out that the rest of the page.
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  • The article is very neutral, almost to the point of being just one line stubs without any background information from the sources referenced.
• Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
  • This entire article seems to be very underrepresented, it really only hits on the most significant happenings, with very little history of the evens that lead to spaceflight, or even many of the highly significant missions that have happened.
• Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
  • 3 dead/uncited sources in the article. The sources themselves mainly appear to be from written books, and a couple magazines.
• Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
  • the sources appear neutral, but i am suprised that they use very little primary sources. Why are there no uses of published mission logs?
• Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
  • Information is up to date. However, the article itself is not. the most recent program the article mentions of high importance is from 2011, no mention at all of the development of privatized space travel (possible new section??)
• Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
  • only 4 post within the talk page, very little discussion. Last post from 2012 discussing expanding the programs list. i agree with said user.
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  • it is rated as a start-class artice, and is part of 4 wiki projects.
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  • this article has very little discussion at all, hard to evaluate if this talk page is much different at all.

History of spaceflight content ideas

History of spaceflight

Break the programs section into a structure as follows

Programs

NASA

see article: Nasa

Mercury program (see article: Mercury program)

A brief description of the goals of the mercury program & notable flights

Gemini program (see article: Gemini program)

a brief description of he goals of the gemini program & notable flights

Soviet space Program

see article: soviet space program

Sputnik program

a brief description notable flights

Vostock

etc

Zhbgy5 (talk) 02:03, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

List of Programs to include

• Indian Space Program
• Japanese Space Program
• European Space Program
• Chinese Space Program
  • Since 1956 the Chinese have had a space program and in 1957 the Soviets gifted them supplies to help jump-start their program. Bh7pb (talk) 02:26, 9 March 2018 (UTC)
  • "East is Red" was launched on 4/24/1970 and was the first to be launched by the Chinese Bh7pb (talk) 02:34, 9 March 2018 (UTC)
• Roscosmos
• SpaceX
• Blue Origins
• International programs
• possibly small programs & companies (cubesats)

Bh7pb (talk) 02:00, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

in this section we could include every major space program, including privatized space flight instead of creating its own section

Addition of privatized spaceflight

potentially expanding the history of programs (no mention of mercury, gemini, apollo, vostok etc)

possible creation on new linked page called "list of spaceflights(space programs)"

expansion of background (very little mention of historic suborbital flights or precursors to spaceflight)\

Possible Sources

[null]Realizing Tomorrow : The Path to Private Spaceflight

X-15B: Pursuit of Early Orbital Human Spaceflight

Rockets and revolution [electronic resource] : a cultural history of early spaceflight

Blazing the trail : the early history of spacecraft and rocketry

Bh7pb (talk) 01:23, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

The origins and development of China's manned spaceflight programme

Indian Armed Forces and Space Technology Bh7pb (talk) 02:37, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Article choice questions

• Chose this article due to interest, and page rating. Article appears to have a very large amount of missing information, and is relatively weak. Article has lots of potential as a sort of table of contents styleish page with lots of hyperlinks to many well developed pages.

Article Draft

Programs

NASA

Main article: NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA /ˈnæsə/) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

Project Mercury

Main article: Project Mercury

Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. Its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Union. John Glenn became the first American to orbit the earth on February 20, 1962 aboard the Mercury-Atlas 6.

Project Gemini

Vostok-2M (8A292M) in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast

Main article: Project Gemini

Project Gemini was NASA's second manned spaceflight program. The program ran from 1961 to 1966. The program pioneered the orbital maneuvers required for space rendezvous. Ed White became the first American to make an extravehicular activity (EVA, or "space walk"), on June 3, 1965, during Gemini 4. Gemini 6A and 7 accomplished the first space rendezvous on December 15, 1965. Gemini 8 achieved the first space docking with an unmanned Agena Target Vehicle on March 16, 1966. Gemini 8 was also the first US spacecraft to experience in-space critical failure endangering the lives of the crew.

Apollo Program

Main article: Apollo Program

The Apollo program was the third manned spaceflight program carried out by NASA. The programs goal was to orbit and land manned vehicles on the moon. The program ran from 1969 to 1972. Apollo 8 was the first manned spaceflight to leave earth orbit and orbit the Earth's moon on December 21, 1968. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to set foot on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 1969.

Skylab

Main article: Skylab

The Skylab programs goal was to create the first space station of NASA. The program marked the last launch of the Saturn V rocket on May 19, 1973. Many experiments were performed on-board, including unprecedented solar studies. The longest manned mission of the program was Skylab 4 which lasted 84 days, from November 16, 1973 to February 8, 1974. The total mission duration was 2249 days, with Skylab finally falling from orbit over Australia on July 11, 1979.

Space Shuttle

Main article: Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle Columbia seconds after engine ignition during STS-1, 1981.

Although its pace slowed, space exploration continued after the end of the Space Race. The United States launched the first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, on the 20th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, April 12, 1981. On November 15, 1988, the Soviet Union duplicated this with an unmanned flight of the only Buran-class shuttle to fly, its first and only reusable spacecraft. It was never used again after the first flight; instead the Soviet Union continued to develop space stations using the Soyuz craft as the crew shuttle.

Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. Eileen Collins was the first female Shuttle pilot, and with Shuttle mission STS-93 in July 1999 she became the first woman to command a US spacecraft.

The United States continued missions to the ISS and other goals with the high-cost shuttle syst, which was retired in 2011.

Soviet space program

Main article: Soviet space program

The Soviet space program was the rocketry and space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from the 1930's till its collapse in 1991.

Sputnik

Main article: Sputnik

The Sputnik 1 became the first artificial Earth satellite on 4 October 1957. The satellite transmitted a radio signal, but had no sensors otherwise. Studying the Sputnik 1 allowed scientists to calculate the drag from the upper atmosphere by measuring position and speed of the satellite. Sputnik 1 broadcasted for 21 days until its batteries depleted on 4 October 1957, and the satellite finally de-orbited on 4 January 1958.

Luna programme

Main article: Luna programme

The Luna programme was a series of unmanned robotic satellite launches with the goal of studying the moon.The program ran from 1959 to 1976 and consisted of 15 successful missions, the program achieved many first achievements and collected data on the Moon's chemical composition, gravity, temperature, and radiation. Luna 2 became the first man made object to make contact with the moons surface in September 1959. Luna 3 returned the first photographs of the far side of the moon in October 1959.

Vostok

Main article: Vostok programme

The Vostok Programme the first Soviet spaceflight project to put the Soviet citizens into low Earth orbit and return them safely. The programme carried out six manned spaceflights between 1961 and 1963. The program was the first program to put humans into space, with Yuri Gagarin becoming the first man in space on April 12, 1961 aboard the Vostok 1. Gherman Titov Became the first person to stay in orbit for a full day on August 7, 1961 aboard the vostok 2. Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space on June 16, 1963 aboard the vostok 6.

Voskhod

Main article: Voskhod programme

The Voskhod programme began in 1964 and consisted of two manned flights before the program was canceled by the Soyuz programme in 1966. Voskhod 1 launched on October,12 1964 and was the first manned spaceflight with a multi-crewed vehicle. Alexey Leonov performed the first spacewalk aboard Voskhod 2 on March 18, 1965.

Salyut

Main article: Salyut

The Salyut programme was the first space station program undertaken by the Soviet Union. The goal was to carry out long-term research into the problems of living in space and a variety of astronomical, biological and Earth-resources experiments. The program ran from 1971 to 1986. Salyut 1, the first station in the program, became the world's first crewed space station.

Soyuz programme

Main article: Soyuz programme

The Soyuz programme was initiated by the soviet space program in the 1960's and continues as the responsibility of roscosmos to this day. The program currently consists of 140 completed flights, and since the retirement of the US Space Shuttle has been the only craft to transport humans. The programs original goal was part of a program to put a cosmonaut on the moon, and later became crucial to the construction of the Mir space station.

Mir

Main article: Mir

Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space. The record for longest human endurance on a single tour in space is held by Valeriy Polyakov, who left Earth on January 8, 1994, and stayed aboard the Mir space station for a total of 437 days, 17 hours, 58 minutes, and 16 seconds, returning March 22, 1995. Sergei Krikalyov holds the current record for combined total time in space: 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 seconds. Mir was continuously occupied for 3,644 days, eight days short of 10 years, between the launch of Soyuz TM-8 on September 5, 1989 and the landing of Soyuz TM-29 on August 28, 1999. This record was held until surpassed by the International Space Station (ISS) in 2010. The ISS has been continuously occupied for 8594 days.

Buran

Main article: Buran_programme

The Buran Programme was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project that began in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and was formally suspended in 1993. The Buran programme was started by the Soviet Union as a response to the United States Space Shuttle program. Officially, the Buran orbital vehicle was designed for the delivery to orbit and return to Earth of spacecraft, cosmonauts, and supplies.

Zhbgy5 (talk) 17:46, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Orbital human spaceflight
Name	Debut	Launches
Vostok	1961	6
Mercury	1962	4
Voskhod	1964	2
Gemini	1965	10
Soyuz	1967	110
Apollo/Skylab	1968	15
Shuttle	1981	135
Shenzhou	2003	4
Suborbital human spaceflight
Name	Debut	Flights
Mercury	1961	2
X-15	1962	13 or 2
(Soyuz 18a, Soyuz T-10-1)	1975, 1983	2
SpaceShipOne	2004	3

International Space Station

Main article: International Space Station

(There's already a couple paragraphs about the ISS in the article)

European Space Agency

Main article: ESA

(There's already a couple paragraphs about the European Space Station in the article)

China

Main article: Chinese space program

Since 1956 the Chinese have had a space program which was aided early on from 1957-1960 by the Soviets. They were provided missile technology experts and missiles to study from. In 1965 plans were made to launch a human into space by 1979, and in 1967 the plans were made for a 4-human spacecraft. "East is Red" was launched on April 24th, 1970 and was the first satellite to be launched by the Chinese. In 1974 the plan for human spaceflight was scrapped when policy makers decided that applications satellites were more important and competing with the USA and USSR wasn't as important. In late 1986, the 863 Project was started which had a focus on military applications, but also had a goal for human spaceflight.

Despite possessing less funding than ESA or NASA, the People's Republic of China has achieved manned space flight and operates a commercial satellite launch service. There are plans for a Chinese space station and a program to send unmanned probes to Mars.

China's first attempt at a manned spacecraft, Shuguang, was abandoned after years of development, but on October 15, 2003, China became the third nation to develop an indigenous human spaceflight capability when Yang Liwei entered orbit aboard Shenzhou 5.

The US Pentagon released a report in 2006, detailing concerns about China's growing presence in space, including its capability for military action. In 2007 China tested a ballistic missile designed to destroy satellites in orbit, which was followed by a US demonstration of a similar capability in 2008.

Japan

Main article: JAXA

(There's already a couple paragraphs about the Japanese Space program in the article)

India

Main article: ISRO

(There's already a couple paragraphs about the Indian space program in the article)

Other nations

(There's already a couple paragraphs about other nations in the article)

See also

• History of aviation
• Timeline of spaceflight
• Timeline of Solar System exploration