Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (astronomical objects)

Discussion at Eris

(See also the discussion at Talk:Eris (dwarf planet)/Archive 4#Requested_move) — Preceding unsigned comment added by AndrewRT (talk • contribs) 22:25, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Naming conventions for open clusters

It appears that specific clusters (see Category:Open_clusters) are generally named with a capital C (e.g. (Arches Cluster). This makes sense to me as it distinguishes a specific cluster from a more generic term such as Open cluster or Embedded cluster. However, there are exceptions e.g. Coronet cluster, Quintuplet cluster. What is the naming convention for clusters? Colonies Chris (talk) 09:37, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

This is covered in the Capitalisation section of the guideline - capitalise if it's part of the proper noun. Modest Genius ^talk 15:05, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

Naming conventions for planetary moons

This seems to be the standard, but I am not aware of it having been written up anywhere. So maybe we could add it?

• If the moon is named, the default title is just the name if it is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, e.g. Enceladus. But due to mythology it usually isn't, so we disambiguate using "(moon)", e.g. Titan (moon).
• If the moon is numbered, but not named, the default title is the Roman-numeral designation, e.g. Jupiter LIV.
• If the moon is neither numbered nor named, the default title is the provisional designation, e.g. S/2003 J 10.

Double sharp (talk) 09:51, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

@Double sharp: Late reply here, but yeah sure; go ahead and add it to the page. Somehow the conventions for planetary moons don't have their own section here yet. Nrco0e (talk · contribs) 00:22, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

@Nrco0e: Added (a bit less colloquially). Double sharp (talk) 19:24, 18 November 2021 (UTC)

Abbreviating catalogue designations (2MASS, WISE, etc.)

I've noticed that there's a bit of inconsistency with abbreviations for catalogue designations like 2MASS, WISE, and DENIS. For example, 2M1101AB has several different abbreviations used in scientific literature, including 2M 1101-7732AB (Luhman 2004), 2M 1101 AB (Steltzer and Micela 2007), and 2M1101AB (Faherty et al. 2020). Another dilemma is whether to truncate the letter 'J' preceding the numbers in an object's designation. There's WISE 1828+2650, but it is called WISE J1828+2650 in the discovery publication by Kirkpatrick et al. 2011 (not to mention that it is also called WISEP J1828+2650 by Cushing et al. 2011). Should there be some kind of preference for which abbreviation to use?

Similarly there's also some vagueness surrounding the usage of full catalogue designations such as 2MASS J03480772−6022270. There's plenty of excruciatingly long designations mixed in with the eight-digit abbreviations in Category:2MASS objects and Category:WISE objects, but I don't see any apparent standard for abbreviating or using full designations. Should all full designations be abbreviated for the sake of searchability, or by notability and press coverage? Nrco0e (talk · contribs) 00:52, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

Pinging @Renerpho and Modest Genius for additional input. Nrco0e (talk · contribs) 00:59, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

Some designations are indeed 'excruciatingly long', but that's because the catalogues they're taken from are excruciatingly comprehensive, containing billions of sources. The IAU has rules on how to designate astronomical sources which are supposed to be followed by all professional astronomers. Unfortunately not all of them do, there's no effective enforcement mechanism, and nicknames are often used for press releases or in the popular media. The IAU rules say designations "should never be altered (e.g., neither truncated, nor rounded, nor shortened)". In practice that only really applies to the first mention in a publication - it's allowed to then specify an abbreviation for use thereafter, provided the first mention is the full, unabbreviated designation. If the designation is based on coordinates, the J, B or G indicate which coordinate system is being used, so should never be omitted - even in abbreviations. I think 2MASS J03480772−6022270 is a good example of correct usage, giving the full form in the article title and defining an abbreviation in the first sentence of the lead.

Those are of course IAU rules, not Wikipedia rules. The NCASTRO guideline is to follow whatever the dominant name is in reliable sources, but to favour professional literature over popular media in the case of disagreement. If the professional literature predominantly uses a nickname or abbreviation, that's what we should follow, despite the IAU. For 2M1101AB, the 'correct' name according to the IAU rules is 2MASS J11011926-7732383, which is exactly what Luhman uses in the original discovery paper ("2MASS J11011926-7732383 (hereafter 2M 1101-7732)"). The recent Faherty paper also introduces it with the full name before defining a different abbreviation ("binary brown dwarf 2MASS J11011926-7732383AB (2M1101AB) found in the Chameleon star-forming region") ['AB' refers to the two members of the binary, so is being more explicit without changing the underlying designation]. I've not dug into every mention in the literature, but from my quick search the dominant usage is the full designation, with various forms of abbreviation in use but only after quoting the full 2MASS J11011926-7732383.

As for the initial letters, those come from the abbreviation of the catalogue. The definitive listing of those abbreviations is the CDS Dictionary of Nomenclature which explains the differences between WISE, WISEP, WISEA etc. For your example, it's in multiple WISE catalogues so has several valid prefixes. If we look at the Kilpatrick discovery paper, they introduce this object as WISEPA J182831.08+265037.8 then later abbreviate it WISE 1828+2650 (which is technically not a valid abbreviation as it omits the J).

So to summarise a very long reply: this needs to be handled case by case, depending on dominant usage in the professional literature. In most cases, that will be the full unabbreviated designation following the IAU rules, with possible abbreviation thereafter, but not always. Modest Genius ^talk 10:20, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

@Modest Genius: So someone has to review every abbreviated 2MASS/WISE object article to check whether the abbreviation is more widely used in the scientific literature? I wouldn't mind if all of these page titles get moved to their full designations. Nrco0e (talk · contribs) 17:47, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

That's the guideline, though it doesn't seem worth the effort of checking unless there's a specific issue or dispute. Modest Genius ^talk 10:34, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

@Modest Genius: While moving all those abbreviated pages, I came across this requested move discussion from 2012. There was no consensus, but it seems that all of them were moved during 2014-2016. I'm torn; I need additional input from everyone involved before I resume (or revert) the WISE page moves. Nrco0e (talk · contribs) 17:22, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Pinging @JorisvS and the original requestor @Hekerui for additional input. Nrco0e (talk · contribs) 17:01, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

I support the shortest unambiguous abbreviation style. Hekerui (talk) 14:49, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

The only unambiguous form is the unabbreviated one. Pretty much all possible two- or three- letter abbreviations are already in use for other catalogues. The number of digits in the designation is deliberately chosen to be just enough to avoid ambiguity between multiple sources in the same catalogue. If you abbreviate the designation of an astronomical object, it almost always becomes ambiguous with another astronomical source. Modest Genius ^talk 10:22, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

In the same catalogue I mean, don't understand your answer. The name always includes a catalogue name, no? Hekerui (talk) 08:15, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

When non-ASCII characters are not preserved online at the MPC/JPL/USGS

We're to preserve diacritics, and also "if the name contains an ʻokina it should be preserved." Does that mean we should even if the MPC substitutes the ʻokina with an ASCII hyphen in its online DB? I know they have technical problems with the non-ASCII blocks of Unicode; I was involved in a round of emails trying to get Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà corrected, and although they appreciated the help, in the end they only got it half right. (They were even reluctant to approve the name Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà because they knew they wouldn't be able to accommodate it properly, and asked the discoverers/proposers if they couldn't spell the name a different way to make it easier on them. That was a conflict with their stated aim of being culturally inclusive.) Currently, JPL lists its moon as ⟨(229762) G!kun||'homdima I Gǃòʼé ǃHú⟩ – that is, half ASCII-ified and have Unicodified. That obviously is a formatting issue, not an authority for using those specific characters. (Besides, WP can't accept "G!kun||'homdima" as an article title.) It's not uncommon for the MPC, JPL and the USGS to use different Unicode characters in a non-ASCII name, so the characters themselves are not authoritative.

I take it from the statement that ʻokinas should be preserved, that other non-ASCII letters should be preserved as well. (Specifically, at 594913 ʼAylóʼchaxnim, where the MPC substitutes ASCII punctuation marks for the glottal stops.) To clarify, I amended the wording to "if the name contains an ʻokina or other non-ASCII character, it should be preserved."

Might never come up, but potentially a similar issue with Caesar's comet. If the MPC number were used in the title, it should be ⟨C/−43 K1⟩ with a proper minus sign, not a hyphen. — kwami (talk) 04:05, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

This seems a topic to resolve at the MOS level, not within WP:AST. The official names of comets and asteroids are those listed in the IAU bulletins (of the WGSBN), not JPL or MPC. Similarly, official names of moons and surface features are those in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Note Wikipedia:Naming conventions (astronomical objects)#Common names favours the official name only if it is also the WP:COMMONNAME. How we should turn non-English characters in those sources into article titles (or mentions in the text) is a matter of Romanisation, not specific to astronomy. WP:ROMAN has guidelines for some languages, but not the ones you're querying. WP:DIACRITICS is the closest guideline I could find, but that unhelpfully says the use of special characters is 'neither encouraged nor discouraged'. Maybe ask on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (use English)? Modest Genius ^talk 14:14, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

AFAICT none of them address which Unicode character to use when there are options, but the precedent of using a proper okina for Hawaiian names (rather than a quotation mark, which may look identical) suggests that we should do the same for other languages. — kwami (talk) 19:53, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

@Modest Genius: The WGSBN Bulletin only dates from May this year. What's our ref for objects named before then? I'm curious if the okina was actually used for the Hawaiian names our guidelines say we should maintain the okinas for. — kwami (talk) 22:51, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

Prior to the new bulletin, names with diacritics were published in the PDF versions of the MPCs (not MPECs). They're very large files though. For example, in the Nov 2019 MPC new names are listed from pages 990-994. Modest Genius ^talk 12:17, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

@Modest Genius: Thanks. Do they have an index, either of named bodies or just of MPCs? I don't know how to look up the bodies in question. — kwami (talk) 21:55, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

I moved the section on diacritics and apostrophes, which was under 'minor planets', up to its own section, as it's also relevant for moon and star names. Added examples, including 3 distinct cases where we do want an ASCII hyphen. — kwami (talk) 20:48, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

I gave examples of where we omit a diacritic or other orthographic element because the IAU does, in Schöner vs Schroeter and in Namaka (moon). However, if communities complain that their personages are misformated, e.g. that it should be Nāmaka, we might wish to revisit this. I'm neither advocating that we should strictly follow IAU spelling in a case like Namaka, nor that we should 'correct' their spelling, merely describing what's been our practice so far, which is to retain all the elements of the IAU name, while choosing Unicode characters for them according to the MOS. (For the examples above, it's quite common to omit the macron in Hawaiian names even when retaining the okina, just as it's common to use <oe> for <ö> in German, but it's distinctly odd to retain the "ś" in Aśvaghosa (crater) while dropping the "ṣ" in the last syllable: it's common enough to strip all diacritics from Sanskrit names, but a copy-editor would see "Aśvaghosa" as a typo.) — kwami (talk) 23:04, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

BTW, the lunar crater van't Hoff was spelled "van 't Hoff" in our article, like the person. The IAU name only has one space. I "fixed" it to one space per the IAU, but thought I should mention it here in case others disagree. (The title was as per the IAU, but in the text an extra space had been added.) — kwami (talk) 04:04, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

Funny that the IAU named the crater van't Hoff, but the corresponding asteroid van 't Hoff. Spaces in asteroid names are rare, and only used when deemed necessary (for example, the space between first and last names is almost always left out). If one needed an example that the IAU does not always follow its own guidelines (a.k.a. its unwritten rules), here it is. Renerpho (talk) 00:25, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

I brought some cases to their attention where the diacritics were wrong (a macron for s.t. else, perhaps due to a low-res copy of the source doc), or where one diacritic was dropped and another kept. We'll see if they clean them up. — kwami (talk) 02:13, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

Ugh, without the space it just looks like a typo. :( Double sharp (talk) 15:44, 3 January 2022 (UTC)