Zapatoca
Zapatoca | |
|---|---|
Municipality and town | |
 | |
.svg) Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: Ciudad Levitica (Levitical City | |
| Motto(s): Libertad y Orden (Liberty and Order) | |
 Location of the municipality and town of Zapatoca in the Santander Department of Colombia | |
| Country |  Colombia |
| Department | Santander Department |
| Area | |
| • Total | 360 km2 (139 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,720 m (5,500 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 8,929 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |
| Website | www.zapatoca-santander.gov.co |
Zapatoca (Spanish pronunciation: [sapaˈtoka]) is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. It is at a high altitude and is a common stop between Bucaramanga and San Gil. It was built in the early 17th century by the Spanish conquistadores.
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Zapatoca (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.64 (74.55) |
24.22 (75.60) |
24.06 (75.31) |
23.67 (74.61) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.59 (74.46) |
23.71 (74.68) |
23.99 (75.18) |
23.75 (74.75) |
23.14 (73.65) |
22.73 (72.91) |
23.12 (73.62) |
23.6 (74.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.76 (65.77) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.13 (66.43) |
19.18 (66.52) |
19.23 (66.61) |
19.18 (66.52) |
19.04 (66.27) |
19.13 (66.43) |
19.08 (66.34) |
18.69 (65.64) |
18.54 (65.37) |
18.63 (65.53) |
18.97 (66.15) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.66 (56.59) |
14.05 (57.29) |
14.31 (57.76) |
14.66 (58.39) |
14.72 (58.50) |
14.37 (57.87) |
13.94 (57.09) |
13.99 (57.18) |
14.05 (57.29) |
14.13 (57.43) |
14.38 (57.88) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.19 (57.54) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24.36 (0.96) |
32.53 (1.28) |
88.74 (3.49) |
116.0 (4.57) |
153.79 (6.05) |
101.38 (3.99) |
90.13 (3.55) |
107.21 (4.22) |
157.15 (6.19) |
160.88 (6.33) |
131.06 (5.16) |
49.4 (1.94) |
1,212.63 (47.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.64 | 5.05 | 9.26 | 12.92 | 15.51 | 11.39 | 11.09 | 12.84 | 14.29 | 15.55 | 12.86 | 6.17 | 130.58 |
| Source: NOAA[1] | |||||||||||||
Paleontology[edit]
Fossils of Early Cretaceous animals from the Valanginian-Hauterivian Rosablanca Formation were collected near Zapatoca.[2] Fossil material include fishes, particularly pycnodonts and hybodontiform Strophodus, ichthyosaurs, elasmosaurids.[2] Remains of turtles,[2] including Notoemys zapatocaensis,[3] possible ornithocheirid pterosaurs[4] and ammonite Saynoceras verrucosum[3][4] also known from this location. There is also a report about metriorhynchoid crocodylomorph from these deposits.[2] During the Valanginian and Hauterivian ages, here was a shallow sea where hybodontiforms and pycnodontiforms played an important trophic role as shell-crushing predators.[2]
Notable people[edit]
- Miguel Acuña (1788-1847), Franciscan priest and medical practitioner
- José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1919 - 2019 in Floridablanca) was a Prelate of the Catholic Church. Until his death the age of 100 he was the oldest living cardinal.
- Carlos Toledo Plata (1932 - 1984 in Bucaramanga) was a doctor, politician and co-founder and early leader of the guerrilla movement known as M-19.
References[edit]
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Zapatoca". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Cadena, Edwin-Alberto (2022-06-02). "A new hybodontiform shark (Strophodus Agassiz 1838) from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) of Colombia". PeerJ. 10: e13496. doi:10.7717/peerj.13496. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 9167585. PMID 35673391.
- ^ a b Edwin Cadena (2020). "Valanginian occurrence of Pelomedusoides turtles in northern South America: revision of this hypothesis based on a new fossil remain". PeerJ. 8 (e9810): 1-12. doi:10.7717/peerj.9810. PMC 7450993. PMID 32904119.
- ^ a b Edwin Cadena, David M. Unwin, David M. Martill (2020). "Lower Cretaceous pterosaurs from Colombia". Cretaceous Research. 114 (3). Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404526C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104526. S2CID 224886977.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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6°49′N 73°16′W / 6.817°N 73.267°W
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