Éva Székely
 Éva Székely in 1956 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal information | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | 3 April 1927 Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 29 February 2020 (aged 92) Budapest, Hungary | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sport | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sport | Swimming | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Club | Neményi MADISZ BVSC, Budapest | ||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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Éva Székely (3 April 1927 – 29 February 2020)[1] was a Hungarian swimmer.[2] She won the gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki and the silver medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics, set six world records, and won 44 national titles.[2] She held the first world record in the 400 m individual medley in 1953.[3]
Biography
[edit]Székely was born in Budapest, Hungary.[4] Her mother was Orthodox Jewish from Upper Hungary, while her father was from Transylvania.[5] As a child, she competed for a local swim team[4] and in 1941, at 14 years of age, she set a national speed record, although she was barely allowed to start because she was a Jew[6] and was soon expelled from the team because of her religion.[4] She was excluded from competition for the next four years, and survived the Holocaust partly because she was a famous swimmer.[2] Towards the end of World War II, she lived with 41 people in a crowded two-room “safe-house” in Budapest run by the Swiss, and to keep in shape, every day she ran up and down five flights of stairs 100 times.[4][2]
At the end of World War II she met her husband, Dezső Gyarmati, a three-time Olympic water polo champion (1952, 1956, and 1964) in water polo; they later divorced and he predeceased her in 2013.[4][2][7] Their daughter Andrea Gyarmati, born in 1954, was a backstroke and butterfly swimmer who won two medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.[4][2] After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 the family defected to the United States but they did not stay, returning to care for Székely's parents – from then on the Hungarian authorities did not allow them to leave the country in each other's company.[2]
Székely won three gold medals at the 1947 World University Games[4] followed by five gold medals at the 1951 World University Championship.[4] She won the gold medal in the 200-meter breaststroke (setting a new Olympic record) at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, and the silver medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics.[8][2][4] She also set six world records, and won 44 national titles.[2] She held the first world record in the 400 m individual medley, in 1953.[3]
After retiring from competitions Székely worked as a pharmacist and swimming coach, training her daughter among others.[4]
In 1976 she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.[3] She was named as one of Hungary's Athletes of the Nation in 2004, and received the Prima Primissima award in 2011.[2] She was also inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.[4]
Death
[edit]Székely died on 29 February 2020 at Budapest, at the age of 92.[9]
Publications
[edit]She authored three books, one of which was translated into other languages:
- Only winners are allowed to cry! (Sírni csak a győztesnek szabad!) Budapest, 1981, Magvető Kiadó
- I came, I saw, I lost? (Jöttem, láttam… Vesztettem?) Budapest, 1986, Magvető Kiadó
- I Swam It/I Survived (Megúsztam) Budapest, 1989, Sport Kiadó
See also
[edit]- List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
- List of select Jewish swimmers
- List of Jewish Olympic medalists
References
[edit]- ^ Joó, Gábor (29 February 2020). "Meghalt Székely Éva olimpiai bajnok". Index (in Hungarian). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bull, Andy (3 March 2020). "Holocaust survivor to Olympic gold: the remarkable life of Eva Szekely". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- ^ a b c "EVA SZEKELY (HUN)". ISHOF.org. International Swimming Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jacov Sobovitz. "Eva Szekely". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
- ^ Szekely, Eva (1993). "Because I wanted to be an Olympic Champion". In Handler, Andrew; Meschel, Susan V. (eds.). Young people speak : surviving the Holocaust in Hungary. Internet Archive. New York : Franklin Watts. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-531-11044-7.
- ^ Hall of fame - Székely Éva. sportmuzeum.hu
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Éva Székely". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17.
- ^ Andrews, Travis M. "Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
- ^ "Elhunyt Székely Éva olimpiai bajnok úszó". Bumm.sk. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.
External links
[edit]- "Éva Székely; Jewish Holocaust Survivor; Interview language: Hungarian (video)"
- Eva Szekely at Olympics.com
- Eva Szekely at OlympicChannel.com (archived)
- Eva Szekely at Olympic.org (archived)
- Éva Székely at Olympedia (archive)
- Székely Éva at the Magyar Olimpiai Bizottság (in Hungarian) (English translation)
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| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1927 births
- 2020 deaths
- Hungarian female breaststroke swimmers
- Jewish swimmers
- Jewish Hungarian sportspeople
- Olympic swimmers for Hungary
- Swimmers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
- Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
- Swimmers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
- Swimmers from Budapest
- Olympic silver medalists for Hungary
- Olympic gold medalists for Hungary
- World record setters in swimming
- European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
- Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
- Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
- Olympic gold medalists in swimming
- Olympic silver medalists in swimming
- Hungarian female swimmers
- 20th-century Hungarian sportswomen
- 21st-century Hungarian women
- Hungarian defectors
- Hungarian expatriates in the United States
- Swimming coaches
- Hungarian sports coaches
- Székely people