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1904 East Perth state by-election

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1904 East Perth state by-election

← 1904 state election 20 September 1904 (1904-09-20) 1905 state election →
Turnout2,286
 
Candidate John Hardwick John Curran
Party Ministerialist Labor
Popular vote 1,251 1,013
Percentage 55.3 44.7

MP before election

Walter James
Ministerialist

Elected MP

John Hardwick
Ministerialist

A by-election for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of East Perth was held on 20 October 1904. It was triggered by the resignation of former Ministerialist Premier Walter James, who was appointed to take up the role of Agent General for Western Australia. The election was won by Ministerialist candidate John Hardwick, who beat the Labor Party's John Curran.

Background

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Black and white portrait
Walter James, the member for East Perth from 1894 to 1904 and the premier of Western Australia from 1902 to 1904

Walter James had been the member for East Perth in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since 1894, and served as the premier and attorney-general as part of the Ministerialists from July 1902.[1]

Previous election results

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1904 Western Australian state election: East Perth[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ministerialist Walter James 1,396 52.7 –10.0
Labour Edward Casson 1,253 47.3 +47.3
Total formal votes 2,649 98.4 –0.7
Informal votes 42 1.6 +0.7
Turnout 2,695 38.7 –0.9
Ministerialist hold Swing –10.0

Resignation of Walter James

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In August 1904, two months after the 1904 state election, the James Government was defeated in a motion of no confidence. He was replaced as premier by Henry Daglish of the Labor Party. The following month, Daglish offered James the role of Agent General for Western Australia representing the state in London.[3][4] It was unanimously agreed that James was suited for the position, but some were sceptical of Daglish's motives,[4] believing that he was trying to get his main political rival out of parliament and was possibly trying to have the Labor Party win the ensuing by-election.[5] The move also saw disillusion grow within the Labor Party's rank-and-file, as one of their main attacks on James during his premiership was that he gave cabinet positions out as bribes to gain support, similar to what Daglish was doing now.[5][6]

On 30 September, James formally resigned.[7] On 4 October, the Legislative Assembly passed a motion that the seat be declared vacant, and so the speaker issued a writ for the election. 12 October was set at the due date for nominations, Thursday, 20 October was set as the day of the election, and 24 October for the return of the writ.[8]

Candidates

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Ministerialist

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John Hardwick, a Perth City councillor and James's campaign manager for the 1904 election, was selected by the East Perth Electoral league and endorsed by the National Political league.[9]

Labor

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Edward Casson, who was Labor's candidate for East Perth at the 1904 state election, declined requests for him to be Labor's candidate, saying that "in view of the existing circumstances in regard to the political situation, I cannot see my way clear to do so".[5][10] This was in reference to the Daglish Ministry abandoning several Labor principles that they were elected on.[5] Other potential Labor candidates were:

  • J. J. Curran, secretary of the Coastal Trades and Labour Council[10]
  • J. Fabre, secretary of the Hotel, Restaurant, and Caterers' Employees' Union[10]
  • Con O'Brien, member of the Legislative Council from 1901 to 1904[10]
  • H. Courtney, president of the East Perth branch of the Political Labor Party[10]
  • J. Healy, unsuccessful candidate for the seat of Canning at the 1904 state election[10]
  • W. Eales[10]
  • W. Somerville[10]

Curran was viewed as the most likely candidate to be selected, as he had lived in East Perth ever since he moved to Western Australia. Nominations closed at 6pm on 26 September,[10] with Curran, Fabre, O'Brien, Courtney, and Healy as the nominations.[11] On 30 September, each nomination gave a speech, after which East Perth branch members voted. The winning candidate had to receive an absolute majority. In the first ballot, Curran was three short of a majority, and so O'Brien and Healy dropped out. Curran was two short of a majority after the second ballot, and Fabre and Courtney were tied, so the chairman gave his casting vote to Fabre. In the final ballot, Curran received a majority of the votes, and so he was selected as Labor's candidate for the by-election.[7]

Campaign

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Hardwick primarily campaigned on local issues, however, members of the former James Ministry, such as Hector Rason, John Marquis Hopkins and Henry Gregory, campaigned on issues affecting the state.[9]

Results

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1904 East Perth state by-election[12][2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ministerialist John Hardwick 1,251 55.3 N/A
Labor John Curran 1,013 44.7 −2.6
Total formal votes 2,264 99.0 +0.6
Informal votes 21 1.0 −0.6
Turnout 2,285 32.8 −5.9
Ministerialist gain from Ministerialist Swing N/A

The by-election had four polling places.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hunt, Lyall (1983). "James, Sir Walter Hartwell (1863–1943)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "East Perth Election". The West Australian. 21 October 1904. p. 7. Retrieved 26 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ "Position Of Agent-General". The West Australian. 22 September 1904. p. 7. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ a b Buttfield 1979, p. 115.
  5. ^ a b c d Buttfield 1979, p. 116.
  6. ^ "Bribing Walter James". The Sunday Times. 25 September 1904. p. 4. Retrieved 26 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ a b "The East Perth Seat". The West Australian. 1 October 1904. p. 7. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ "The East Perth Constituency". The West Australian. 5 October 1904. p. 6. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ a b Buttfield 1979, p. 119.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i "State Politics". The West Australian. 26 September 1904. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "State Politics". The West Australian. 27 September 1904. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ Buttfield 1979, p. 120.

Bibliography

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