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1946 United States elections

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1946 United States elections
1944          1945          1946          1947          1948
Midterm elections
Election dayNovember 5
Incumbent presidentHarry S. Truman (Democratic)
Next Congress80th
Senate elections
Overall controlRepublican gain
Seats contested37 of 96 seats
(32 Class 1 seats + 8 special elections)[1]
Net seat changeRepublican +12[2]
1946 United States Senate special election in Alabama1946 United States Senate special election in Idaho1946 United States Senate special election in Kentucky1946 United States Senate special election in North Dakota1946 United States Senate special election in Virginia1946 United States Senate election in Arizona1946 United States Senate election in California1946 United States Senate election in Connecticut1946 United States Senate election in Delaware1946 United States Senate election in Florida1946 United States Senate election in Indiana1946 United States Senate election in Maine1946 United States Senate election in Maryland1946 United States Senate election in Massachusetts1946 United States Senate election in Michigan1946 United States Senate election in Minnesota1946 United States Senate election in Mississippi1946 United States Senate election in Missouri1946 United States Senate election in Montana1946 United States Senate election in Nebraska1946 United States Senate election in Nevada1946 United States Senate election in New Jersey1946 United States Senate election in New Mexico1946 United States Senate election in New York1946 United States Senate election in North Dakota1946 United States Senate election in Ohio1946 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania1946 United States Senate election in Rhode Island1946 United States Senate election in Tennessee1946 United States Senate election in Texas1946 United States Senate election in Utah1946 United States Senate election in Vermont1946 United States Senate election in Virginia1946 United States Senate election in Washington1946 United States Senate election in West Virginia1946 United States Senate election in Wisconsin1946 United States Senate election in Wyoming
1946 Senate election results

  Democratic gain   Democratic hold

  Republican gain   Republican hold
House elections
Overall controlRepublican gain
Seats contestedAll 435 voting seats
Popular vote marginRepublican +8.5%
Net seat changeRepublican +55
1946 House election results

  Democratic gain   Democratic hold

  Republican gain   Republican hold
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested34
Net seat changeRepublican +3
1946 North Dakota gubernatorial election1946 New Jersey gubernatorial election1946 Alabama gubernatorial election1946 Arizona gubernatorial election1946 Arkansas gubernatorial election1946 California gubernatorial election1946 Colorado gubernatorial election1946 Connecticut gubernatorial election1946 Georgia gubernatorial election1946 Idaho gubernatorial election1946 Iowa gubernatorial election1946 Kansas gubernatorial election1946 Maine gubernatorial election1946 Maryland gubernatorial election1946 Massachusetts gubernatorial election1946 Michigan gubernatorial election1946 Minnesota gubernatorial election1946 Nebraska gubernatorial election1946 Nevada gubernatorial election1946 New Hampshire gubernatorial election1946 New Mexico gubernatorial election1946 New York gubernatorial election1946 Ohio gubernatorial election1946 Oklahoma gubernatorial election1946 Oregon gubernatorial election1946 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election1946 Rhode Island gubernatorial election1946 South Carolina gubernatorial election1946 South Dakota gubernatorial election1946 Tennessee gubernatorial election1946 Texas gubernatorial election1946 Vermont gubernatorial election1946 Wisconsin gubernatorial election1946 Wyoming gubernatorial election
1946 gubernatorial election results

  Democratic gain   Democratic hold

  Republican gain   Republican hold

The 1946 United States elections were held on November 5, 1946, and elected the members of the 80th United States Congress. In the first election after World War II, incumbent President Harry S. Truman (who took office on April 12, 1945, upon the death of his predecessor, Franklin D. Roosevelt) and the Democratic Party suffered large losses. After having been in the minority of both chambers of Congress since 1932, Republicans took control of both the House and the Senate.[3][4]

This Republican wave reflected the public backlash against President Truman for the post-war economic hardships the country suffered, straining American-Soviet relations, and his handling of the United Auto Workers strike. Afterwards, Truman was widely expected to face a tough reelection environment in the subsequent presidential election, but he ultimately defied expectations.

Results

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House of Representatives

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Democrats lost fifty-four seats to the Republican Party in the House of Representatives, and Democrats also lost eleven seats to the Republicans in the U.S. Senate, allowing Republicans to take control of both chambers. A Progressive also lost a seat to a Republican.[5]

In California, newcomer Richard Nixon defeated incumbent liberal Democrat Jerry Voorhis. Nixon campaigned on such issues as price controls, housing, and labor-management relations, but gained his greatest publicity from attacks on Voorhis left-wing associations and policies.[6]

Another future US president, John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was first elected to the House of Representatives in this election as well.

Senate

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In Mississippi, Senator Theodore G. Bilbo sought reelection to a third six-year term in the Democratic primary. He was under daily newspaper attack from Hodding Carter, one of the state's best-known political journalists and editors. Carter supported racial segregation but was a moderate on civil rights. His 1946 Pulitzer Prize for editorials on racial and religious tolerance as editor of the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times had won him a national reputation. Bilbo narrowly won reelection with only 51% of the vote, but he died within a year.[7]

In Georgia, white supremacy was the main theme as Eugene Talmadge was elected to a fourth term as governor. He had promoted purges of blacks from the voting lists in certain key Georgia counties.[8]

Long term

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The election stymied Truman's efforts to enact his Fair Deal policies and helped ensure the passage of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947. However, Truman was able to implement the Marshall Plan, the National Security Act of 1947, and other Cold War policies following the election. Future presidents John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon first won election to Congress in this election, while Thomas Dewey's re-election as Governor of New York helped him earn the 1948 Republican nomination for president. Joseph McCarthy also won election as Senator from Wisconsin in 1946.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Three Class 1 seats held both regularly-scheduled elections and special elections in 1946.
  2. ^ Republicans picked up eleven seats in the regularly-scheduled elections and picked up an additional seat in the special elections.
  3. ^ "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  4. ^ "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  5. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1946" (PDF). U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  6. ^ Paul Bullock, "'Rabbits and Radicals' Richard Nixon's 1946 Campaign Against Jerry Voorhis." Southern California Quarterly 55.3 (1973): 319-359.
  7. ^ Garry Boulard, 'The Man' vs. 'The Quisling': Theodore Bilbo, Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary," Journal of Mississippi History (1989), 51, 201-17.
  8. ^ Joseph L. Bernd, "White supremacy and the disfranchisement of Blacks in Georgia, 1946." Georgia Historical Quarterly 66.4 (1982): 492-513. in JSTOR
  9. ^ Busch, Andrew (1999). Horses in Midstream. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 159–164.

Further reading

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  • Leuchtenburg, W. E. "New Faces of 1946: In the midterm elections 60 years ago, war-weary voters turned against the party of an unpopular president and opened Congress to a new crop of lawmakers, including Richard Nixon, John F. Kennedy and Joseph McCarthy." Smithsonian 37.8 (2006): 48-54.