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2014 Pilger, Nebraska tornado family

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2014 Pilger, Nebraska tornado family
Clockwise loop: Two tornadoes on the ground at EF4 intensity, Low-end EF4 damage to home near Stanton, A home in Pilger completely leveled, Home near Wakefield destroyed at EF4 intensity
Meteorological history
FormedJune 16, 2014, 2:38 pm. CDT (UTC−05:00)
DissipatedJune 16, 2014, 4:42 pm. CDT (UTC−05:00)
Duration2 hours and 4 minutes
EF4 tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
Highest winds190 mph (310 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities2
Injuries20
Damage$20.32 million (2014 USD)
Areas affectedStanton, Pilger, Wakefield
Part of the Tornado outbreak of June 16-18, 2014 and tornadoes of 2014

During the mid-afternoon through early evening hours of June 16, a powerful cyclical supercell produced six tornadoes, four of them being violent, those tornadoes affected northeast Nebraska east of Norfolk, the village of Pilger took a direct hit and suffered devastating damages and several farmsteads near Stanton, Wisner, and Wakefield received major damages from the violent tornadoes, resulting in two fatalities and 20 injuries and $20.92 million in damages were caused, this was apart of the Tornado outbreak of June 16–18, 2014 and this supercell produced the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth violent tornadoes of the Tornadoes of 2014 and the main Pilger tornado was tied for the strongest tornado of the year, having the same wind speeds as the Mayflower-Vilonia tornado.

The first tornado to touch down was on an open field near Stanton, it quickly dissipated. Later, the first violent tornado occurred near Stanton as it traveled for 12 miles, causing major damages to several farmsteads and sweeping away a few farmhouses before lifting north of Dewey. The next supercell soon produced the Pilger twins where one of them took a direct hit to the town and caused devastating damages, the second tornado leveled a farmhouse before dissipating east of Altona, and the main tornado continued destroying farmlands before getting absorbed by the Wakefield tornado. The final violent tornado swept away three farmhouses and significantly damaged multiple other farmsteads before dissipating north of Wakefield, the sixth and last tornado produced by the supercell was weak and short-lived.[1]

Meteorological setup

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On June 13, 2014, the SPC noted the possibility of severe weather associated with potential mesoscale convective systems in the northern United States for June 16–18. However, the predictability of this event was too low for the SPC to designate areas as at risk of severe weather.[2] The following day, the SPC revised their forecasts, indicating a slight risk for severe activity for areas around the confluence of the Big Sioux and Missouri rivers two days before the eventual tornado outbreak. The development of a low-pressure area and increasing atmospheric instability were expected to be contributing factors.[3] Forecasts remained relatively unchanged on June 15, though the probability for "significant severe weather" was predicted for a large area of northern Iowa and adjacent areas.[4]

The morning of June 16 was marked only by isolated storms in the Nebraska area with only marginal severe weather.[5] Beginning at around 0800 UTC, however, favorable conditions for severe weather, particularly for large hail, began to build across central Nebraska. Moisture from the Gulf of Mexico began to make its way into southern Nebraska and over Kansas, raising dew points over the region. In addition, the prevalence of altocumulus castellanus clouds was an indicator of additional severe weather later in the day.[6][7] The flow of moisture into the region was further enhanced by an eastward progressing warm front, and at 1200 UTC on June 16, the SPC once again issued a slight risk for severe weather for the eastern halves of South Dakota, Nebraska, and extending eastward into the western Great Lakes region.[8] This was followed shortly after by the day's first severe thunderstorm watch, issued for primarily eastern Nebraska in response to a developing line of supercells.[9][10] An hour later, the SPC upgraded some areas previously under a slight risk for severe weather to a moderate risk as a result of continuously increasing moisture content and CAPE in the atmosphere.[11] At 1613 UTC, the SPC issued the first of three public severe weather outlooks for the day, covering a region centered on Sioux City, Iowa.[12] A Particularly Dangerous Situation tornado watch was issued later that afternoon.

Tornado summary

[edit]
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 2 0 0 0 4 0 6
Spots of EF4 damage along the path of the Stanton tornado.
Key
  EF0 65–85 mph
  EF1 86–110 mph
  EF2 111–135 mph
  EF3 136–165 mph
  EF4 166–190 mph
⎯ Center of the tornado

Stanton tornado

[edit]

The first violent tornado to touchdown near 560th Ave, causing minor damage to trees around the road, the tornado intensified to high-end EF1 strength, snapping trees near 561th Ave before weakening down to EF0 intensity, continuing to cause minimal tree damages before crossing the Elkhorn River into Highway 24 east of Stanton, where the tornado rapidly intensified to near mid-range EF2 strength, snapping power pole near the highway with an estimated windspeed up to 118 mph (190 km/h), an outbuilding north of the power pole was completely destroyed, weakening down to high-end EF1, the tornado would continue to snap trees and power poles at this intensity before it explosively intensified to high-end EF3 intensity as a farmstead takes a direct hit from the tornado along 563 1/2 Ave, a farmhouse was leveled in the area at 165 mph (266 km/h), an outbuilding on this property was destroyed and trees were snapped around the area, the farmstead was never rebuilt, around this time the tornado reached the maximum width of 400 yards (366 m).[13][14]

Car that was thrown a quarter a mile away and was mangled and folded into a ball

The tornado weakened down to EF2 intensity as another farmstead was struck, the farmhouse sustained major roof damage and the partial wall collapsed, outbuildings on the land were demolished and a semi-truck was overturned. The tornado weakened down to EF0 as this passes west of the Maskenthine Creek, as this tornado approaches 841st Rd from the south, the tornado abruptly became violent as a home along 565th Rd was leveled and swept away, trees in this farmstead were snapped and debarked, an outbuilding was completely obliterated, another home in this farmstead was also leveled and swept away, two vehicles were thrown 0.25 miles (0.40 km) away and were completely mangled and one of them was crushed into a ball, the highest damage rated on this farmstead were rated 170 mph (270 km/h), the tornado would continue traveling northeast as multiple softwood trees were snapped, the tornado would become violent again as it crossed 842nd Rd on Payne Creek, a well-built farm house was swept away at low-end EF4 intensity, multiple trees nearby were severely debarked and an outbuilding was destroyed, another home nearby suffered light roof damages, the tornado continues to move northeast, destroying another barn at low-end EF2 damages before dissipating northwest of Dewey.[14] The tornado traveled 12.21 miles and lasted 29 minutes, no one was killed or injured caused $2.25 million in damages, and had a maximum wind speed of 170 mph (274 km/h).[13][1]

Pilger twin tornadoes

[edit]
Path of the main Pilger tornado going right through the town.
Key
  EF0 65–85 mph
  EF1 86–110 mph
  EF2 111–135 mph
  EF3 136–165 mph
  EF4 166–190 mph
⎯ Center of the tornado

The supercell recycled and later produced the third tornado and the second violent tornado at 4:00 pm CDT 5.5 miles southwest of Pilger on 570 Ave near Cedar Creek, causing minor damages to trees, the tornado strengthened to high-end EF1 on 837 Rd where some trees and power poles were snapped before quickly weakening back to EF0, the tornado continues to travel northeast, on 572 Ave, the tornado reattain EF1 strength as trees were snapped and did minor roof damages to an outbuilding, the tornado change into a north-northeast direction before intensifying to low-end EF2 at 112 mph (180 km/h as a few outbuildings near Willers Cove North Dr were flattened, several trees were snapped, the tornado made a sharp northeast turn, crossing the Elkhorn River before entering Pilger.

St. John Lutheran Church completely leveled at 188 mph (303 km/h)

alongside Highway 15 on the west of town, the tornado strengthened as an unanchored home was swept away at high-end EF3 intensity, a feed store north of the home was leveled at EF3 strength, an RV was completely wrecked by the tornado and was mangled and trees were snapped, the tornado crossed S Murray St where it quickly intensified to near high-end EF4 intensity as a well-constructed home was swept away on this street, the homes across the street were mostly leveled with a few interior walls left, homes near the intersection between W Black Hills Rd and S Murray St were flattened and trees were debarked and mobile homes along W Elm St were obliterated and debris was blown away, killing a five-year-old girl.[15][16] home along S Stanton St was swept away at near high-end EF4 intensity while entire home was shifted off their foundation further upstream of the home, on S Main St, a row of well-built homes were swept away with an estimated wind speed of 179 mph (288 km/h), the tornado crossed Black Hills Trail Rd into downtown Pilger, where it weakened to down to mid-range EF3 strength, multiple cars were thrown and heavily damaged and a couple of outbuildings were destroyed, the town's grain silos were razed, few months later the silos got replaced. [17] A church was destroyed and a small business alongside N Main St suffered severe damages, then the tornado rapidly intensified to near high-end EF4 strength On E 2nd St another row of homes were flattened, one specific well-constructed home on the intersection of E 2nd St and N Monroe was completely swept clean off of their foundation, this home was given the highest rating inside the town at 189 mph (304 km/h), the old and historic Wisner-Pilger middle school alongside S 2nd St sustained major damages from the tornado was left unrecoverable as the school was later demolished. [18][19][20] The St. John Lutheran Church was leveled and partially swept away at near high-end EF4 intensity, leaving only the bell tower standing.[21][22] The tornado left Pilger, one person was killed and two dozens of people were injured and $14 million in damages occurred in town.[23][24][14]

A home leveled by the second Pilger twin tornado

Around the same time, the main Pilger tornado was about to enter town, the supercell produced the fourth tornado and the third violent tornado touched down two miles south of Pilger at 4:13 pm CDT, causing light damage to many trees, the tornado strengthened as trees were snapped along, a group of barns had their walls collapsed, power lines were blown down. [25] The tornado would weaken back down to an EF0 causing minimal damages to trees and to an outbuilding, both the main tornado and second tornado continues to expand in size through rural farmlands of Cuming County, back at the main tornado, the tornado struck a farmstead along Highway 12 at mid-range EF2 intensity as large part of the roof were ripped away and an outbuilding across the road was leveled, the tornado reattained EF3 intensity as substantial tree damages were noted as a home on U Rd has the roof removed, on the second tornado, the tornado became strong as a barn was destroyed at low-end EF2 strength and doing minor roof damages, this tornado weaken to an EF1, snapping trees and demolishing another outbuilding was destroyed, the main tornado destroyed a barn at low-end EF2 intensity, on 412 Rd, the second Pilger tornado intensified to an EF3 as an electrical transmission line was toppled and bent, an outbuilding nearby was destroyed, at this point, both tornadoes were paralleling each other, another home on 412 Rd sustained significant roof damages with 122 mph (196 km/h) winds, the second tornado would cross right in front the main tornado near X Rd, this is also where the second Pilger tornado did its most violent damage as a farmhouse was completely leveled at 170 mph (274 km/h), a couple barns on this farmstead were swept away, several trees in or around the farmstead were debarked, as the second Pilger tornado went north, the main tornado came from the east where the tornado re-intensified to low-end EF4 strength as another farmstead near the cross-point of X Rd and 412 Rd took a direct hit, another farmhouse was swept away and a car was lofted and thrown into the basement of the home and a barn was destroyed, the second Pilger tornado continues to maintain EF2 intensity as another barn was demolished, a 74-year-old elderly man from Clarkson was killed as their car was flipped off the road by the second tornado, the tornado restrengthened slightly to high-end EF2 intensity as a home received severe damage to their exterior walls before the tornado abruptly dissipated, the second Pilger tornado was on the ground for 17 minutes and covered a path length of 11.5 miles, having a peak width of 500 yards, and the tornado did $1.12 million in damages and killed one person and had a maximum wind speeds of 170 mph (274 km/h). [26][27][28][1]

High-end EF4 damage done by the main Pilger tornado

The main Pilger tornado crossed X Rd and struck another farmstead, the barns in this farmstead were destroyed as more trees were snapped, the tornado passed near the St Paul's Lutheran Cemetery as it entered Wayne County snapping more trees at EF1 strength, the tornado then rapidly intensified to a high-end EF4 intensity as a farmstead along 581st Ave was obliterated, a well-built farmhouse on the property was swept clean off their foundation with an estimated winds speeds of 191 mph (313 km/h), numerous trees around the farmstead were snapped before the tornado moved off to the northeast, the tornado would make a sharp turn to the east as the tornado start shrinking in size as the same parent supercell was starting to recycle, the main Pilger tornado was also accelerating in speed, the tornado rapidly intensified to mid-range EF4 strength as another farmstead was hit on 848th Rd, the farmhouse was swept away at 182 mph (293 km/h), the tornado started its rope-out phase while gaining speed as the nearby Wakefield tornado was beginning to develop, the two tornadoes started experiencing a Fujiwhara effect as both tornadoes interacting with each other, the main Pilger tornado became intense again as a metal truss tower was mangled by the tornado, an outbuilding on 849th Rd was blown away before the tornado was absorbed into the larger and stronger Wakefield tornado, dissipating the tornado.[29][14][30] The main Pilger tornado was on the ground for 39 minutes and traveled for 18.41 miles, one person was killed and 20 people were injured and the tornado reached a peak width of 500 yards and the tornado did $14 million in damages and was the strongest tornado of the family at a maximum wind speeds up to 190 mph (310 km/h).[1][31]

Wakefield tornado

[edit]
A farmhouse that was swept away at 170 mph (274 km/h)

As the Pilger tornado was roping out the supercell produced the fifth and final violent tornado 8 miles north of Wisner, the tornado immediately strengthened to EF1 intensity as an outbuilding was leveled as the tornado moved east, then it made a sharp northeast direction, crossing Highway 16, the tornado got stronger as a barn was razed as the tornado continues its trek northeast, at this time, the Pilger tornado was absorbed and dissipated into the Wakefield tornado as the tornado would lean wooden power poles along 849th Rd, this now wedge tornado made a sharp turn to the northwest, snapping trees as another farmstead got impacted, a farmhouse was ripped away as some trees were snapped, maintaining EF2 intensity, the tornado made a sharp turn due north as some barns along 851st Rd received significant damages, another home on 852 Rd took substantial damage as their roof was blown off the house, two homes on 585th Ave and 853rd Rd received severe damage as they either lost half of their roof or their roof was completely ripped off, a farmstead further north was hit, an outbuilding was leveled, a metal building suffered significant roof loss and a grain silos was dented as a two-story sustained minor damages, a wooden power pole was snapped at low-end EF2 strength.[14]

A farmhouse near Wakefield completely swept away

The tornado rapidly strengthened to low-end EF4 intensity as three farmsteads were impacted on an intersection of 585th Ave and 854th Rd, the first farmstead on 585th Ave impacted had their farmhouse leveled and a second home on the same farmstead was leveled although it was more poorly built, the second farmstead north of 854th Rd also sustained devastating damages another well-built home was swept away as multiple trees were snapped, another home on the same property lost half of their roof as the barn was completely demolished, a power pole was snapped on 854th Rd, the final farmstead on the impact on the intersection was west of 585th Rd where a poorly-anchored home was swept away and the home had "questionable connections", several trees were snapped and debarked, the tornado briefly weaken down to an EF3 before becoming violent again as another home along 585th Ave was swept away, another outbuilding was leveled and a grain bin was damaged and trees were snapped.[14]

The large tornado made a change in direction to the northeast as numerous trees were snapped and a few pockets of EF2 damage as some farmhouses suffered significant roof damages east of Wakefield before the tornado entered Dixon County.[32] The tornado track along 586th Ave heading due north maintaining EF1 intensity as multiple trees were snapped and some barns were heavily damaged before the tornado dissipated 5:08 pm CDT, the tornado lasted 28 minutes and traveled 16.22 miles, it was the largest tornado produced by the supercell at 530 yards (485 m), the tornado caused $3.05 million in damages and no one was killed or injured and had a maximum wind speeds of 170 mph (274 km/h).[32][1][33][14]

Other tornadoes

[edit]

A brief and weak tornado was recorded by multiple storm chasers on an open field south of Stanton, the tornado lasted two minutes and peaked at 100 yards, and traveled for 1.25 miles.[34] Another brief and weak tornado touchdown near Hubbard and traveled for 0.26 miles.[35]

Aftermath

[edit]
Aerial imagery of near high-end EF4 damages in Pilger

75% of Pilger was heavily damaged or destroyed by the tornado.[23] Matthew 25: Ministries went to the village of Pilger and the surrounding areas to help with tornado relief donating products like tarps, blankets, etc. [36] All Hands and Hearts spent few weeks and they coordinated 2,943 volunteers to help remove debris.[37] In total, 18,000 volunteers came to Pilger and Stanton County to help with relief and the volunteers stayed for a few days.[38]American musician, Bret Michaels and his band drove to the village of Pilger on June 23, to assist with the clean up effort and help rebuild.[39][40] United Way opened up funding for Pilger for relief efforts.[41] Governor of Nebraska, Dave Heineman, declared a state of emergency for Pilger and the areas around the village and the National Guard came in to assist with emergency respondents, a shelter was opened up in Wisner-Pilger High School in Wisner, Governor Dave Heineman would later tour the village two days after the tornado.[42][43] LCMS Disaster Response donated $110,000 to St. John and other churches affected by the tornado, a year after it was destroyed, the St John Lutheran Church was rebuilt.[44][45]After the tornado, the population for Pilger dropped by -31.8% from 352 people to 240.

Pilger was getting a lot of help but other areas that got hit by the violent tornado like Cuming and Wayne counties didn't receive as much help with Wakefield only getting eight volunteers while Pilger received thousands of volunteers to help with the relief for the village, and the agricultural areas near Wakefield needs more volunteer to clean up the field from all the debris the tornado left. [46]

Multiple damaged structures were bulldozed and construction projects were placed to rebuild, the bank that was destroyed in Pilger announced that it'll rebuilt.[47]

Case studies

[edit]

Hank Schyma, known as Pecos Hank, joined a group of researchers to study the forward-moving speed of the Pilger tornado when it was roping out and undergoing a Fujiwara effect with the Wakefield tornado and determined that the Pilger tornado was the fastest tornado ever recorded with a forward motion of 94.6 mph, although the National Weather Service hasn't officially recognized the forward ground speed to be true.[48]

One year later, Civil engineering professors at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln analyzed the damages caused by the Pilger tornado and studied how structural defects can make infrastructure more vulnerable to high-end tornado wind speeds. [49]

In 2022, Lanny Dean, David Moran, and Randy Hicks published a study where a scientific field campaign took video observations inside the main Pilger tornado before it struck the village, what showed was details of the tornado's core wind field, and some things that weren't documented was seen here, including the observation of multiple sub-vortices, as many as nine were spotted, indicative of a multi-vortex tornado, the sub-vortices disappeared and reappeared in seconds or milliseconds.[50][51]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "June 16, 2014 Pilger Tornado Event". weather.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  2. ^ Jewell, Ryan; Storm Prediction Center (June 13, 2014). "Day 4–8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on Jun 13, 2014". Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  3. ^ Jewell, Ryan; Storm Prediction Center (June 14, 2014). "Jun 14, 2014 0730 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  4. ^ Bunting, Bill; Storm Prediction Center (June 15, 2014). "Jun 15, 2014 1730 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  5. ^ Smith, Bryan; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Jun 16, 2014 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  6. ^ Grams, Jeremy S.; Corfidi, Stephen F.; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Mesoscale Discussion 1010". Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion. Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  7. ^ National Weather Service. "ACCAS". National Weather Service Glossary of Terms. Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  8. ^ Smith, Bryan; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Jun 16, 2014 1200 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  9. ^ Corfidi, Stephen F.; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Severe Thunderstorm Watch 301". Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion. Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  10. ^ Grams, Jeremy S.; Corfidi, Stephen F.; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Mesoscale Discussion 1011". Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion. Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  11. ^ Corfidi, Stephen F.; Marsh, Patrick; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Jun 16, 2014 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  12. ^ Guyer, Jared L.; Corfidi, Stephen F.; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Severe Weather Outlook Issued At: 757 AM CDT". Storm Prediction Center Public Severe Weather Outlook. Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  13. ^ a b "EF4 Stanton Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "ArcGIS Web Application". apps.dat.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  15. ^ "Tour the Nebraska Town Destroyed by Twin Tornadoes". ABC News. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  16. ^ "Residents return to Pilger; Small Nebraska town hit by deadly tornado on Monday". Jamestown Sun. June 18, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  17. ^ Gravlin, Kyle (November 8, 2014). "Pilger Co-Op's latest example of community rising from the rubble". KETV. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  18. ^ Anderson, Clayton (June 20, 2024). "A decade after historic school building is destroyed in a tornado, Wisner-Pilger Schools reflects on district changes". ktiv.com. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  19. ^ Roberts, Dave (July 1, 2014). "Pilger school leaders discuss future of tornado-stricken school". KETV. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  20. ^ "Pilger, Nebraska: 10 Years since devastating twin tornadoes". SiouxlandProud | Sioux City, IA | News, Weather, and Sports. June 19, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  21. ^ Ross, Paula Schlueter (June 17, 2014). "Nebraska church 'gone' after dual tornadoes". Reporter. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  22. ^ "Pilger, Nebraska: 10 Years since devastating twin tornadoes". SiouxlandProud | Sioux City, IA | News, Weather, and Sports. June 19, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  23. ^ a b "EF4 Pilger Storm Events Database - Event Details". ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  24. ^ Payne, Michael Pearson,Indra Petersons,Ed (June 17, 2014). "Twin tornadoes tear through Nebraska town; 2 dead". CNN. Retrieved August 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "Storm Events Database - Event Details". ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  26. ^ Schanz, Jenn (June 17, 2014). "UPDATE: Pilger tornado victims identified". KLKN-TV. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  27. ^ "EF4 Wisner Storm Events Database - Event Details". ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  28. ^ "EF2 Altona Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  29. ^ "June 16, 2014 | The Stanton/Pilger/Wakefield Tornadoes". KMTV 3 News Now Omaha. June 15, 2023. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  30. ^ "EF4 Wayne Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  31. ^ Leins, Casey. "Twin tornadoes in Nebraska kill child devastate town". U.S.News & World Report.
  32. ^ a b "EF4 Wakefield Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  33. ^ "EF1 Dixon Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  34. ^ "EF0 Stanton: Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  35. ^ "EF0 Hubbard Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  36. ^ Vicar, Nathan (June 18, 2014). "Matthew 25: Ministries provide supplies to Nebraska tornado victims". fox19.com. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  37. ^ "Pilger Tornado Response | All Hands". web.archive.org. October 5, 2015. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  38. ^ Mantonya and Wall, Kurt and Milan. "Chapter 4. Tornado Recovery in Pilger, Nebraska" (PDF).
  39. ^ "Humanitarian of the Year Bret Michaels Leading Support Efforts to Victims of Storms". Bret Michaels Official Web Site. December 13, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  40. ^ "Bret Michaels to help in Pilger". Norfolk Daily News. June 19, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  41. ^ "Pilger Relief & Rebuild". Heartland United Way. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  42. ^ Press, Associated (June 18, 2014). "Tornadoes whip Nebraska, killing two". Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  43. ^ "Governor Heineman Tours Pilger Devastation". SiouxlandProud | Sioux City, IA | News, Weather, and Sports. June 18, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  44. ^ Drinnon, Roger (September 26, 2016). "Pilger sanctuary dedication, 101st anniversary — joy follows disaster". Reporter. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  45. ^ "Pilger residents remember twin tornadoes 10 years later". SiouxlandProud | Sioux City, IA | News, Weather, and Sports. June 18, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  46. ^ "Northeast Nebraska devastated from tornadoes". www.greatplainsumc.org. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  47. ^ "Pilger, Nebraska "Reinvents" Itself – Heartland Center". heartlandcenter.info. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  48. ^ "These Women Risk Their Lives to Photograph the Most Severe, Dangerous Storms America Has Ever Seen". Cosmopolitan. May 19, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  49. ^ "Engineers study how Pilger tornado destroyed buildings | Nebraska Today". news.unl.edu. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  50. ^ "In-Situ Video Observations and Analysis of the 16 June 2014 Pilger, Nebraska EF4 West Tornado" (PDF). June 2, 2022.
  51. ^ Dean, Lanny; Moran, David; Hicks, Randy (November 30, 2022). "In Situ Video Observations and Analysis of the 16 June 2014 Pilger, Nebraska EF4 west Tornado". E-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology. 17 (3): 1–28. doi:10.55599/ejssm.v17i3.83. ISSN 1559-5404.
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