2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak
Initial case= 25 September 2017[1] Declared ended= 2 December 2017[2] | |
![]() Uganda | |
![]() | |
Confirmed cases[3] | 2 |
---|---|
Probable cases[4] | 1 |
Deaths[5] | 3 |
The 2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak was confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 20 October 2017 after there had been an initial fatality due to the virus.[6]
The Ugandan Ministry of Health indicated that an individual had died of the virus on 19 October; the following day, 20 October, WHO released a press statement regarding the matter. The eastern part of the country is the affected area where the cases have occurred.[1][3] On 22 October, it was reported that 55 individuals were under surveillance for the virus.[7] On 25 October, the number of individuals rose to 155 in terms of contact tracing[8]
Virology and epidemiology
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Marburg_virus.jpg/160px-Marburg_virus.jpg)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Marburg virus was first recognised in 1967.[9] In terms of diagnosis the presentation is similar to malaria or typhoid fever and therefore not easy to identify (diagnose).[10]
The Marburg virus is considered a filovirus, which is the same as the Ebola virus in terms of viral classification.[11] According to Mehedi, et al. macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, are what the virus attacks due to their importance in the human bodies normal mechanism[12]
According to the World Health Organization there is currently no treatment for the disease.[13] As of 11 November 2017, according to the Ministry of Health no new cases have been reported to this point[14] the report originates from Kampala.
On 8 December the World Health Organization declared the end to the outbreak in the country of Uganda due to two 21-day quarantine periods[15]
Other outbreaks
[edit]
The table lists a subset of the Marburg virus disease outbreaks, which have occurred specifically in Uganda:
Year | Country | Virus | Human cases | Human deaths | Case fatality rate | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | ![]() |
MARV & RAVV | 2 | 1 | 50% | [16] |
2008 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
MARV | 2 | 1 | 50% | [17] |
2012 | ![]() |
MARV | 18 | 9 | 50% | [18] |
2014 | ![]() |
MARV | 1 | 1 | 100% | [19] |
2017 | ![]() |
MARV | 3 | 3 | 100% | [2] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Athumani, Halima. "Uganda Confirms 1 Death From Ebola-like Marburg Virus". VOA. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Uganda controls deadly Marburg fever outbreak, WHO says". ABC News. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ a b "Ebola-like Marburg virus kills two in Uganda". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ "Marburg virus disease – Uganda and Kenya". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Uganda – Marburg Virus Disease (DG ECHO, Ministry of Health)( ECHO Daily Flash of 06 November 2017)". ReliefWeb. 6 November 2017. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ^ "WHO supports containment of rare virus on Uganda-Kenya border". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ "Marburg: 55 people under surveillance". The Observer – Uganda. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ "Marburg virus disease – Uganda". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Ebola & Marburg | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ "Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ Bente, Dennis; Gren, Jason; Strong, James E.; Feldmann, Heinz (2009). "Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses". Disease Models & Mechanisms. 2 (1–2): 12–17. doi:10.1242/dmm.000471. ISSN 1754-8403. PMC 2615158. PMID 19132113.
- ^ Mehedi, Masfique; Groseth, Allison; Feldmann, Heinz; Ebihara, Hideki (2011). "Clinical aspects of Marburg hemorrhagic fever". Future Virology. 6 (9): 1091–1106. doi:10.2217/fvl.11.79. ISSN 1746-0794. PMC 3201746. PMID 22046196.
- ^ "Marburg virus disease". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "Press Release | Ministry of Health". health.go.ug. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Uganda ends Marburg virus disease outbreak". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ "WHO | Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Uganda". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ "Imported Case of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever --- Colorado, 2008". cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ "WHO | Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Uganda – update". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "WHO | Marburg virus disease – Uganda". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
Further reading
[edit]- Brauburger, Kristina; Hume, Adam J.; Mühlberger, Elke; Olejnik, Judith (1 October 2012). "Forty-five years of Marburg virus research". Viruses. 4 (10): 1878–1927. doi:10.3390/v4101878. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3497034. PMID 23202446.
- Bebell, Lisa M.; Riley, Laura E. (June 2015). "Ebola Virus Disease and Marburg Disease in Pregnancy". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 125 (6): 1293–1298. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000853. ISSN 1873-233X. PMC 4443859. PMID 26000499.
- Murphy, R. Henry and F. A. (2017). "Etymologia: Marburg Virus - Volume 23, Number 10 – October 2017 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal – CDC". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 23 (10): 1689. doi:10.3201/eid2310.ET2310. PMC 5621541.
- "Ebola Virus Disease & Marburg Virus Disease - Chapter 3 - 2018 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC". wwwnc.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- Martini, G. A.; Siegert, R. (2013). Marburg Virus Disease. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783662015933. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- "Marburg virus disease: origins, reservoirs, transmission and guidelines – GOV.UK". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 8 November 2017.