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2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon

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2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
Part of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
Date1 October 2024[a] – present
(0 days)
Location
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
 Israel  Hezbollah
Commanders and leaders
Israel Benjamin Netanyahu
Israel Yoav Gallant
Israel Brig. Gen. Guy Levi[2]
Israel Col. Elad Tzuri[3]
Hezbollah Naim Qassem
Hezbollah Hashem Safieddine
Units involved

 Israeli Ground Forces

 Israeli Air Force
Intelligence Directorate[8]
Unknown
Strength
12,000–14,000 (98th Division only)[9] 20,000–100,000[10]

On 1 October 2024, Israel invaded Lebanon as part of an escalation in the ongoing Israel–Hezbollah conflict. On the same day, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) withdrew from the Blue Line. The Israeli army also said that the northern border is a closed military zone.[11]

According to the IDF, the operation seeks to root out Hezbollah's forces and infrastructure that pose a threat to civilian communities in northern Israel.[12][13][14] IDF Spokesman Daniel Hagari stated that the Iran-backed group was preparing for an attack similar to Hamas' October 7 attacks, citing weapons caches and maps found in previous raids that reference a plan called "Conquer the Galilee."[12][15] Hezbollah denied that the Israeli military had entered Lebanon.[16]

The operation followed a series of major Hezbollah setbacks in September that degraded its capabilities[17][18] and devastated its leadership,[19][20] including the 17 and 18 September explosions of its handheld communication devices and the 20 September assassination of Ibrahim Aqil, commander of the elite Redwan Force.[21][22] IDF airstrikes also targeted Hezbollah's military bases, command centers, airstrips, and weapons caches across southern Lebanon.[23] These setbacks culminated in the 27 September assassination of Hassan Nasrallah and other senior commanders, including Ali Karaki, commander of Hezbollah in south Lebanon, in an airstrike that destroyed their underground headquarters in Beirut's Dahieh suburbs.[24][25]

Background

The last time Israel invaded southern Lebanon and engaged in ground combat with Hezbollah was during the month-long 2006 Lebanon War.[26]

Since 8 October 2023—a day after the Hamas-led attack on Israel that began the ongoing Israel–Hamas war—Hezbollah, an ally of Hamas, joined the conflict by attacking Israeli military positions.[23] Since then, Hezbollah and Israel have been involved in cross-border military exchanges that have displaced entire communities in Israel and Lebanon, with significant damage to buildings and land along the border. From 7 October 2023 to 20 September 2024, there were 10,200 cross-border attacks, of which Israel launched 8,300.[27] The strikes have approximately displaced 96,000 Israelis and 1 million Lebanese.[28][29][30]

Israel requested that Hezbollah implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (UNSCR 1701) and withdraw its forces north of the Litani River.[31][32] Hezbollah has stated it will continue attacking Israel until Israel halts its operations in Gaza.[33] Both Israel and Hezbollah have outstanding obligations under UNSCR 1701.[34][35][36] Hezbollah has established strong military presence in southern Lebanon, storing rockets in civilian sites, building tunnels into Israel, and obstructing UNIFIL's access.[37][14] Israel continues to occupy Ghajar and an adjacent area,[38][39] and has repeatedly breached Lebanese airspace, waters, and borders.[40][41][42] UNIFIL reports that Israel entered Lebanese airspace on more than 22,000 occasions between 2007–2021.[43][44] Diplomatic efforts, led by U.S. envoy Amos Hochstein and France, have so far been unsuccessful in resolving the conflict.[45][46]

September 2024 escalation

The conflict escalated in September 2024. On 17 and 18 September, thousands of handheld pagers and walkie-talkies exploded in a coordinated series of attacks.[47] The explosions killed 42 people and injured at least 3,500, including civilians.[48][49][50] Reuters reported that, according to an unnamed Hezbollah official, 1,500 Hezbollah fighters were taken out of action due to injuries, with many blinded or having lost their hands.[51] Despite Israel denying involvement with the attack,[52] unnamed Israeli sources told Reuters and other media that it was orchestrated by Israel's intelligence service (Mossad) and military.[53][54][47] In response, Hezbollah, who described the attack as a possible declaration of war by Israel, launched a rocket attack on northern Israel a few days later.[55][56]

On 20 September, tensions further rose after Ibrahim Aqil was killed in an Israeli strike in Beirut, along with other senior commanders from the unit.[57][58] After ordering Lebanese citizens to evacuate, Israel began a series of airstrikes on 23 September, killing over 800 and injuring more than 5,000 in the first week.[59][60]

On 27 September 2024, Hassan Nasrallah, the secretary-general of Hezbollah, and several other senior Hezbollah leaders, including Ali Karki, commander of Hezbollah's southern front, were assassinated in an Israeli airstrike in Beirut.[61][62] The strike took place while Hezbollah leaders were meeting at a headquarters located underground beneath residential buildings in Haret Hreik in the Dahieh suburb to the south of Beirut.[62][63]

Previous incursions

On October 1, the IDF unveiled that its forces had conducted raids in southern Lebanon for months before the ground operation, uncovering Hezbollah tunnels, weapons caches, and invasion plans in villages near the border,[12][15] including Ayta ash Shab, Meiss Ej Jabal and Kafr Kila.[64] IDF Spokesman Daniel Hagari stated that these findings indicate Hezbollah's intent to launch an attack similar to Hamas' October 7 attacks, which sparked the ongoing conflict.[12][15] Hagari also mentioned that evidence from these operations, including videos and maps, would be presented to the international community, while Hezbollah has not commented on his claims.[12][15]

Preparations

On 30 September, Israel informed the United States that it intended to carry out a ground maneuver in Lebanon aimed at clearing Hezbollah's infrastructure along the border. That evening, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) withdrew from the Israeli-Lebanese border to the north to a distance of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi; 2.7 nmi) from the border, and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) declared that the settlements of Metula, Misgav Am and Kfar Giladi are a closed military area.[65] Israeli troops were amassing on the border in Southern Lebanon, with Israel stating that they were preparing for a limited ground invasion.[66]

October raids

On 1 October, IDF troops officially crossed the border into Lebanon in a series of small scale raids intended to precede a broader ground invasion.[67][68][69] Witnesses have said that they have heard sounds of tanks in Southern Lebanon.[70][better source needed][71] There were also reports of heavy artillery striking the border towns of Southern Lebanon.[72] The IDF called for evacuations in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, as they were preparing to bomb it.[73] Hezbollah also claimed that it had targeted IDF soldiers in towns opposite of Odaisseh and Kafr Kila.[74]

On 1 October, the IDF confirmed the existence of their ground operation in a statement on Telegram, specifying that they intended to strike Hezbollah infrastructure. Shortly after the release of this statement, IDF Spokesperson Daniel Hagari also confirmed the operation.[75] Prior to the release of these statements, the IDF had made no announcements about the operation. Hezbollah launched ten rockets from southern Lebanon to Israel[76] and a drone towards central Israel.[77] Hezbollah said that it targeted IDF sites, Israeli soldiers and settlements with 12 separate strikes.[78]

An Israeli strike on the house of Munir al-Maqdah, a brigadier general of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in Lebanon in Ein al-Hilweh refugee camp killed at least five people.[79]

Three rockets were launched from Lebanon towards Upper Galilee.[80] An Israeli strike on a house in Al-Dawoudiya killed at least ten people and injured five others.[81] Hezbollah said that it targeted Israeli soldiers in Metula with rockets and artillery.[82]

The IDF said that heavy fighting is taking place in southern Lebanon with Hezbollah. The IDF also warned that residents to not move in vehicles from north of Litani River to south of the river. The IDF also said that projectiles were launched to Avivim and Metula.[83] "A number of" rockets were launched from Lebanon to Israel, moderately injuring two people.[84][85] Hezbollah said that it targeted Unit 8200 headquarters in Tel Aviv with Fadi-4 rockets and Mossad headquarters in the suburbs of Tel Aviv.[86] The IDF issued an urgent warning for residents of 25 villages in southern Lebanon to evacuate to north of the Awali River.[87] Approximately 30 rockets were launched from Lebanon towards northern Israel.[88]

The IDF claimed that in coordination with the Intelligence Division, IDF forces led by the Northern Command and special forces had captured Hezbollah infrastructure in the towns of Kafr Kila, Ayta ash Shab, Meiss Ej Jabal amongst other sites and destroyed the facilities after they were abandoned after the retreat of Hezbollah.[8]

The IDF conducted at least two airstrikes in Dahieh.[89] Hezbollah said that it targeted the Sde Dov airbase in the outskirts of Tel Aviv with missiles.[90]

Syrian military sources said that Israel struck two Syrian anti-aircraft radar stations west of Sweida and a Syrian anti-aircraft radar station in Daraa Governorate.[91]

International reactions

Analysis

Writing for The Guardian, Andrew Roth assessed that the invasion showed Israel's willingness to ignore its chief ally, the United States, and the latter's lack of influence over the Netanyahu government. Aaron David Miller, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, stated that this was in parts caused by the Democrats trying to avoid criticising Netanyahu before the U.S. presidential elections.[100] Writers for ITV News and The Washington Post agreed that the invasion highlighted the waning influence the U.S. government has on Israel.[101][102]

Notes

  1. ^ The IDF announced the start of the operation at 2:00 AM local time, following earlier reports of Israeli incursions, which had been denied by the IDF.[1]

References

  1. ^ Israel Defense Forces [@IDF] (30 September 2024). "In accordance with the decision of the political echelon, a few hours ago, the IDF began limited, localized, and targeted ground raids based on precise intelligence against Hezbollah terrorist targets and infrastructure in southern Lebanon. These targets are located in villages close to the border and pose an immediate threat to Israeli communities in northern Israel. The IDF is operating according to a methodical plan set out by the General Staff and the Northern Command which IDF soldiers have trained and prepared for in recent months. The Israeli Air Force and IDF Artillery are supporting the ground forces with precise strikes on military targets in the area. These operations were approved and carried out in accordance with the decision of the political echelon. Operation "Northern Arrows" will continue according to the situational assessment and in parallel to combat in Gaza and in other arenas. The IDF is continuing to operate to achieve the goals of the war and is doing everything necessary to defend the citizens of Israel and return the citizens of northern Israel to their homes" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 October 2024 – via Twitter.
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  3. ^ a b Israel, David (1 October 2024). "7th Armored Brigade Commander: Not One More Day of Hezbollah Threatening our Homes and Communities". The Jewish Press.
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  75. ^ Hagari, Daniel [@IDFspokesperson] (30 September 2024). "בהתאם להחלטת הדרג המדיני, צה״ל החל לפני מספר שעות בפעולה קרקעית ממוקדת ומתוחמת במרחב דרום לבנון נגד יעדי ותשתיות טרור של ארגון הטרור חיזבאללה, במספר כפרים סמוכים לגבול, מהם נשקף איום מיידי וממשי ליישובים ישראלים בגבול הצפון. צה״ל פועל על פי תוכנית סדורה שתוכננה במטה הכללי ובפיקוד הצפון, ואליה הכוחות התאמנו ונערכו בחודשים האחרונים. הכוחות הקרקעיים מלווים במאמץ תקיפות של חיל האוויר וכוחות תותחנים, שתוקפים מטרות צבאיות באיזור במאמץ מתואם עם לוחמי כוחות היבשה. שלבי המערכה אושרו ומתבצעים בהתאם להחלטת הדרג המדיני. מבצע ״חיצי הצפון״ נמשך על פי הערכת המצב במקביל ללחימה בעזה ובזירות נוספות. צה״ל ממשיך להילחם ולפעול להשגת מטרות המלחמה, ועושה כל מה שנדרש על מנת להגן על אזרחי מדינת ישראל ולהשיב את תושבי הצפון לבתיהם בביטחון. אנו מבקשים לא להעביר שמועות ודיווחים לא רשמיים על אודות פעילות כוחות צה״ל, ולהיצמד להודעות הרשמיות בלבד" [In accordance with the decision of the political echelon, the IDF began a few hours ago a targeted and delimited ground operation in southern Lebanon against terrorist targets and infrastructures of the terrorist organization Hezbollah, in a number of villages near the border, which pose an immediate and real threat to Israeli settlements on the northern border. The IDF operates according to a regular plan designed by the General Headquarters and the Northern Command, for which the forces have trained and prepared in recent months. The ground forces are accompanied in an attack effort by the air force and artillery forces, which attack military targets in the area in a coordinated effort with the fighters of the ground forces. The stages of the campaign have been approved and are being carried out in accordance with the decision of the political level. Operation "Northern Arrows" continues according to the assessment of the situation at the same time as the fighting in Gaza and other arenas. The IDF continues to fight and act to achieve the goals of the war, and does everything necessary to protect the citizens of the State of Israel and return the residents of the north to their homes safely. We ask not to pass on rumors and unofficial reports about the activities of the IDF forces, and to stick to the official announcements only] (Tweet) (in Hebrew). Retrieved 30 September 2024 – via Twitter.
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  79. ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "At least 5 people confirmed death following Israeli attack in Sidon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 October 2024. At least five people are now confirmed dead following the Israeli military strike on the Ein al-Hilweh refugee camp in the coastal city in southern Lebanon. Earlier, we reported that the Israeli air attack hit the home of Munir al-Maqdah, a brigadier general with the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade in Lebanon – a coalition of Palestinian armed groups aligned with the Fatah movement.
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