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Adamantina Formation

Coordinates: 21°36′S 50°06′W / 21.6°S 50.1°W / -21.6; -50.1
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Adamantina Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Coniacian-Early Maastrichtian
87.8–68 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofBauru Group
UnderliesUberaba Formation
OverliesSanto Anastacio, Caiuá & Araçatuba Formations
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, calcrete
OtherMudstone, siltstone, conglomerate, coal
Location
Coordinates21°36′S 50°06′W / 21.6°S 50.1°W / -21.6; -50.1
Approximate paleocoordinates25°48′S 33°06′W / 25.8°S 33.1°W / -25.8; -33.1
Region São Paulo
Country Brazil
ExtentBauru Basin,
Paraná Basin
Type section
Named forAdamantina
Adamantina Formation is located in Brazil
Adamantina Formation
Adamantina Formation (Brazil)

The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in the Bauru Basin of western São Paulo state, in southeastern Brazil.

Its strata date back to the Late Cretaceous epoch of the Cretaceous Period, during the Mesozoic Era. The formation is part of the Bauru Group in the northeastern Paraná Basin.

Geology

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Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.[1] According to some studies,[2][3][4][5] the Adamantina Formation dates from the Turonian to the Santonian stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous, other studies have found a much younger age - Campanian to Maastrichtian (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.[6][7]

More recent studies lean into the latter category[8] and an unpublished article abstract revealed at the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in 2017 also argues that the Allen Formation, Loncoche, and Los Alamitos Formation are all contemporaries and are no later than 72.1Ma in age.[9] A zircon was found dating to 87.8 Ma, so this represents a maximum age.[10]

Geological setting

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During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangea started to drift apart due to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia.[11] The breakup of Gondwana caused the formation of the large Parana Basin. This basin has a size of ~1,100,000km2 and can be found not only in Brazil but also in Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.[12] The separation of the supercontinent and the breakup of Brazil and Africa was accompanied by volcanism that caused large eruptions of flood basalts. These volcanic rocks formed the Serra Geral Formation which underlies the deposits of the Bauru Group.[12]

The Bauru Basin is a trough that, as Miall (1990) argues,[13] evolved due to “thermo-mechanical subsidence” during the Late Cretaceous, probably due to the breakup of Africa and India.[11] The sediments reach a thickness of up to ~300 m and consist mainly of siliciclastic sediments.[14] The Bauru Group can be subdivided into five different formations [12][15][16][17] from bottom to top: Caiua, Santo Anastacio, Adamantina, and Uberaba. Not all formations are equally well represented in the different states and differences occur according their sedimentary composition and therefore also in their naming.[12]

Vertebrate paleofauna

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Crurotarsans

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Adamantinasuchus[18]

A. navae

Six specimens and several isolated bone remains.

A notosuchian

Adamantinasuchus
Armadillosuchus
Baurusuchus salgadoensis
Campinasuchus
Mariliasuchus amarali
Montealtosuchus
Morrinhosuchus
Stratiotosuchus
Aphaurosuchus[19] A. kaiju Skull elements and teeth. A baurusuchid.

Armadillosuchus[20]

A. arrudai

A notosuchian

Barreirosuchus[21]

B. franciscoi

A trematochampsid

Baurusuchus

B. albertoi[7]

A baurusuchid

B. pachechoi[22]

A baurusuchid

B. salgadoensis[22]

A baurusuchid

Brasileosaurus[22]

B. pachecoi[22]

Caipirasuchus[23]

C. paulistanus

A sphagesaurid

Campinasuchus[5]

C. dinizi

A baurusuchid

Caryonosuchus[24]

C. pricei

A sphagesaurid

Roxochampsa[25]

R. paulistanus

Several teeth, splenials, and dentaries.

a member of itasuchidae, previously known as "Goniopholis" paulistanus

Mariliasuchus

M. amarali[22]

Very common. Several specimens - juvenile and adults – with skulls articulated to skeletons, and many isolated materials. Eggs clutches, eggshells, and coprolites were found also.

A notosuchian

M. robustus[26]

A notosuchian

Montealtosuchus[27]

M. arrudacamposi

A peirosaurid

Morrinhosuchus[28]

M. luziae

A notosuchian

Sphagesaurus

S. huenei[22]

A sphagesaurid

S. montealtensis[6]

A sphagesaurid

Stratiotosuchus[18]

S. maxhechti

A baurusuchid

Dinosaurs

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Indeterminate dinosaur remains are known from the formation.[29]

Sauropods

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Sauropods of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Adamantisaurus[30]

A. mezzalirai

A titanosaur.
Adamantisaurus mezzalirai
Arrudatitan maximus
Maxakalisaurus

Arrudatitan[31]

A. maximus

A single partially articulated skeleton. A titanosaur.

Antarctosaurus

A. brasiliensis Postcranial remains.[32] A titanosaur.
Brasilotitan B. nemophagus Raposo Tavares. A partial skeleton and dentition. A titanosaur.

Gondwanatitan

G. faustoi

Partial postcranial skeleton.[33] A titanosaur.

Maxakalisaurus[34]

M. topai

A fragmentary right maxilla with teeth, twelve cervical vertebrae and some cervical ribs, seven dorsal vertebrae and some dorsal ribs, a neural spine and centrum from the sacrum, six caudal vertebrae, some haemal arches, pieces of the scapulae, both sternal plates, part of the left ischium, both humeri, two metacarpals, part of the fibula, an osteoderm, and some unidentified piece A titanosaur.

Theropods

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Theropods of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Abelisauridae[35]

Indeterminate

"fragment of rt. premaxilla and a tooth"

Enantiornithes indet.

Near complete jaws and skulls.[36]

Unenlagiinae indet.[37]

A single dorsal vertebra.

Lepidosaurs

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Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Boipeba B. tayasuensis A single precloacal vertebra A large, primitive blind snake
Boipeba

Amphibians

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Amphibians of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Baurubatrachus B. santosdoroi Near Catanduva city, São Paulo.[38] Remains of two individuals.[38] A frog.
Mariliabatrachus[39] M. navai A frog.

Turtles

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Turtles of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Yuraramirim[40] Y. montealtensis A peiropemydid turtle

Fish

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Fishes of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Lepisosteus L. cominatoi A gar

Mammals

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Eutheria incertae sedis, Brasilestes (tribosphenida incertae sedis),[41] gondwanatheres and meridiolestidans.[42]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ^ Turner, A.H.; Calvo, J.O. (2005). "A new sebecosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0087:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86257810.
  3. ^ Nava, William R.; Agustín G. Martinelli (2011). "A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 291–299. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100017. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437386.
  4. ^ Turner, A.H.; Sertich, J.W. (2010). "Phylogenetic history of Simosuchus clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6, Memoir 10): 177–236. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30S.177T. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.532348. S2CID 86737170.
  5. ^ a b Ismar De Souza Carvalho; Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira; Mara Lúcia Da Fonseca Ferraz; et al. (2011). "Campinasuchus dinizi gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Cretaceous baurusuchid (Crocodyliformes) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2871: 19–42. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2871.1.2.
  6. ^ a b Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Reinaldo J. Bertini (2008). "A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae". Historical Biology. 20 (2): 101–136. Bibcode:2008HBio...20..101B. doi:10.1080/08912960701642949. S2CID 84879725.
  7. ^ a b Paulo Miranda Nascimento; Hussam Zaher (2010). "A new species of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae" (PDF). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 50 (21): 323‑361. doi:10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001.
  8. ^ Brusatte, Stephen L.; Candiero, Carolos R.A.; Simbras, Felipe M. (2017). "The Last Dinosaurs of Brazil: The Bauru Group and its implications for the end of the Cretaceous mass extinction". Anias de Academia Brasileira de Ceincias. 89 (3): 1465–1485. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160918. PMID 28954171.
  9. ^ "AGE OF THE ADAMANTINA FORMATION, UPPER BAURU GROUP, LATE CRETACEOUS, BRAZIL". Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
  10. ^ Castro, Mariela C.; Goin, Francisco J.; Ortiz-Jaureguizar, Edgardo; Vieytes, E. Carolina; Tsukui, Kaori; Ramezani, Jahandar; Batezelli, Alessandro; Marsola, Júlio C. A.; Langer, Max C. (2018-05-01). "A Late Cretaceous mammal from Brazil and the first radioisotopic age for the Bauru Group". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5): 180482. Bibcode:2018RSOS....580482C. doi:10.1098/rsos.180482. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5990825. PMID 29892465.
  11. ^ a b Rabassa, J. (2014). Some concepts on Gondwana landscapes: long-term landscape evolution, genesis, distribution and age. In Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America (pp. 9-46). Springer Netherlands.
  12. ^ a b c d Goldberg, K.; Garcia, A. J. (2000). "Palaeobiogeography of the Bauru Group, a dinosaur-bearing Cretaceous unit, northeastern Paraná Basin, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 21 (2): 241–254. Bibcode:2000CrRes..21..241G. doi:10.1006/cres.2000.0207.
  13. ^ Miall, A. D. (1990). Principles of sedimentary basin analysis (Vol. 633, p. 499). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  14. ^ Candeiro, C. R. A.; Abranches, C. T.; Abrantes, E. A.; Avilla, L. D. S.; Martins, V. C.; Moreira, A. L.; Bergqvist, L. P. (2004). "Dinosaurs remains from western São Paulo state, Brazil (Bauru Basin, Adamantina Formation, Upper Cretaceous)" (PDF). Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 18 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2004JSAES..18....1C. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2004.08.004.
  15. ^ Soares, P. C.; Landim, P. M. B.; Fulfaro, V. J.; Neto, A. S. (1980). "Ensaio de caracterização estratigráfica do Cretáceo no estado de São Paulo: Grupo Bauru". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 10 (3): 177–185. doi:10.25249/0375-7536.1980177185 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  16. ^ Souza Jr, J. J. (1984). O Grupo Bauru na porcao mais setentrional da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. In 33 Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, Rio de Janeiro (Vol. 2, pp. 944-957).
  17. ^ Dias-Brito, D., Musacchio, E. A., de Castro, J. C., Maranhão, M. S. A. S., Suárez, J. M., & Rodrigues, R. (2001). Grupo Bauru: uma unidade continental do Cretáceo no Brasil-concepções baseadas em dados micropaleontológicos, isotópicos e estratigráficos. Revue de Paléobiologie, 20(1), 245-304.
  18. ^ a b Nobre, Pedro Henrique; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (2006). "Adamantinasuchus navae: A new Gondwanan Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 10 (3–4): 370–378. Bibcode:2006GondR..10..370N. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2006.05.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06.
  19. ^ Martins, Kawan Carvalho; Queiroz, Marcos Vinicius; Ruiz, Juan Vítor; Langer, Max Cardoso; Montefeltro, Felipe Chinaglia (2023-08-25). "A new Baurusuchidae (Notosuchia, Crocodyliformes) from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), with a revised phylogenetic analysis of Baurusuchia". Cretaceous Research. 153: 105680. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105680. ISSN 0195-6671.
  20. ^ Marinho, Thiago S.; Carvalho, Ismar S. (2009). "An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 27 (1): 36–41. Bibcode:2009JSAES..27...36M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.005.
  21. ^ Fabiano Vidoi Iori; Karina Lucia Garcia (2012). "Barreirosuchus franciscoi, um novo Crocodylomorpha Trematochampsidae da Bacia Bauru, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 42 (2): 397–410. doi:10.5327/z0375-75362012000200013 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)[permanent dead link]
  22. ^ a b c d e f Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Campos, Antonio de Celso Arruda; Nobre, Pedro Henrique (2005). "Baurusuchus salgadoensis, a new Crocodylomorpha from the Bauru Basin (Cretaceous), Brazil" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 8 (1): 11–30. Bibcode:2005GondR...8...11C. doi:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70259-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-21.
  23. ^ Fabiano V. Iori; Ismar S. Carvalho (2011). "Caipirasuchus paulistanus, a new sphagesaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Turonian–Santonian), Bauru Basin, Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (6): 1255–1264. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31.1255I. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.602777. S2CID 128482509.
  24. ^ Alexander W. A. Kellner; Diogenes A. Campos; Douglas Riff; Marco Brandalise de Andrade (2011). "A new crocodylomorph (Sphagesauridae, Notosuchia) with horn-like tubercles from Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163 (s1): S57–S65. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00712.x.
  25. ^ André E. Piacentini Pinheiro; Paulo Victor Luiz Gomes da Costa Pereira; Rafael G. de Souza; Arthur S. Brum; Ricardo T. Lopes; Alessandra S. Machado; Lílian P. Bergqvist; Felipe M. Simbras (2018). "Reassessment of the enigmatic crocodyliform "Goniopholis" paulistanus Roxo, 1936: Historical approach, systematic, and description by new materials". PLOS ONE. 13 (8): e0199984. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1399984P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199984. PMC 6070184. PMID 30067779.
  26. ^ Pedro Henrique Nobre; Ismar de Souza Carvalho; Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos; Willian Roberto Nava (2007). "Mariliasuchus robustus, a new Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências. 30 (1): 38–49. doi:10.11137/2007_1_38-49. ISSN 0101-9759.
  27. ^ Ismar de Souza Carvalho; Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos; Sandra Aparecida Simionato Tavares (2007). "Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi, a new peirosaurid crocodile (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1607: 35–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1607.1.3.
  28. ^ Iori, F.V.; Carvalho, I.S. (2009). "Morrinhosuchus luziae, um novo Crocodylomorpha Notosuchia da Bacia Bauru, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 39 (4): 717–725. doi:10.25249/0375-7536.2009394717725 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference cretaceous distribution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Santucci, R.A; Bertini, R.J. (2006). "A new titanosaur from western São Paulo State, Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, south-east Brazil" (PDF). Palaeontology. 49 (1): 171–185. Bibcode:2006Palgy..49...59S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00527.x. hdl:11449/33993.
  31. ^ Silva, J.C. Jr.; Martinelli, A.G.; Iori, F.V.; Marinho, T.S.; Hechenleitner, E.M.; Langer, M.C. (2021). "Reassessment of Aeolosaurus maximus, a titanosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 403–411. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1920016. S2CID 235526860.
  32. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
  33. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.
  34. ^ Kellner, A.W.A.; Campos, D.A.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; et al. (2006). "On a new titanosaur sauropod from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Boletim do Museu Nacional (Geologia). 74: 1–31.
  35. ^ Méndez, Ariel H.; Novas, Fernando E.; Iori, Fabiano V. (2014). "New record of abelisauroid theropods from the Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous), São Paulo State, Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 17 (1): 23–32. doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.03.
  36. ^ Yun-Hsin Wu, Luis M. Chiappe, David J. Bottjer, William Nava & Agustín G. Martinelli, Dental replacement in Mesozoic birds: evidence from newly discovered Brazilian enantiornithines, Scientific Reports volume 11, Article number: 19349 (2021)
  37. ^ Candeiro, C. R. A.; Cau, A.; Fanti, F.; Nava, W. R.; Novas, F. E. (2012). "First evidence of an unenlagiid (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Bauru Group, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 37: 223–226. Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..223C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.04.001. hdl:11336/17153.
  38. ^ a b Muzzopappa, Paula; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi; Muniz, Fellipe Pereira; Martinelli, Agustín G. (2022-09-15). "A New Species of Baurubatrachus (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil Furnishes Evidence on the Diversity of this Bizarre Genus". Ameghiniana. 59 (5): 297–316. doi:10.5710/AMGH.29.07.2022.3505. ISSN 1851-8044. S2CID 251269616.
  39. ^ Santos, R. O.; Carvalho, A. B.; Zaher, H. (2023). "A new fossil frog (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil and the early evolution of neobatrachians". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 202. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad167.
  40. ^ Gabriel S. Ferreira; Fabiano V. Iori; Guilherme Hermanson; Max C. Langer (2018). "New turtle remains from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon". PalZ. 92 (3): 481–498. Bibcode:2018PalZ...92..481F. doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0397-x. S2CID 134701879.
  41. ^ Castro, Mariela C.; Goin, Francisco J.; Ortiz-Jaureguizar, Edgardo; Vieytes, E. Carolina; Tsukui, Kaori; Ramezani, Jahandar; Batezelli, Alessandro; Marsola, Júlio C. A.; Langer, Max C. (2018). "A Late Cretaceous mammal from Brazil and the first radioisotopic age for the Bauru Group". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5): 180482. Bibcode:2018RSOS....580482C. doi:10.1098/rsos.180482. PMC 5990825. PMID 29892465.
  42. ^ Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska; Richard L. Cifelli; Zhe-Xi Luo (2004). "Chapter 7: Eutriconodontans". Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 216–248. ISBN 0-231-11918-6.
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